I made this new topic because I made a review to all the weights and sizes from these three hunters and naturalist of the first part of the 19 century. Besides, it is fair to say that the records of these three men present the largest samples and series of measurements of all times, given the only reliable clips about the real spectrum of sizes that the tigers can present.

The point is also to compare the figures that I obtained with those of peter, because when I made my review, none of the averages or ranges match with those of him.

Let’s begin the investigation in order the set the final figures that will be used in the future.

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Dunbar Brander (1923) Wild Animals in Central India:

There is not much to say about him. He presents his records in a clean form, no interpretation, just the average, ranges and sample sizes. Here are the images:







It is interesting to see that the figures that he proposes are for “gorged” tigers, however he also say that although he used only those that he classified as adults, he confess that this is a very hard work and that at the end, that classification is a plain “guess”. In this case, many juveniles’ specimens were included in his sample, but this will help to balance the averages that could be inflated by the gorged specimens. The figure of 420 lb. (190.5 kg - males) and 290 lb. (131.5 kg – females) would represent, in this case, the average of more or less empty belly tigers, thanks to the inclusions of young specimens.

Among all the length records, the longest tiger of Brander (10 ft 3 in – 313 cm) represent the forth longest male tiger measured between pegs, apart from the record tigers of Gerard Wood (1978), which measured 323, 322 and 320 cm between pegs. However, his largest tiger was not the longest just because its tail was cut off. This huge male measured 7 ft 3 inn (221 cm) in head-body between pegs, been the largest wild cat ever measured, and only surpassed by the great prehistoric felids. If this giant could have a tail of 113 cm (the tail recorded for the Sauraha male), it would measure 333 cm between pegs. This male is practically of the same size (if not slightly larger) than the largest male Amur tiger hunted by Jankovski (quoted by Mazák).

In the case of Brander, everything in already written, explained and we can use it safely. :sleepy:

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John P. Hewett (1938) Jungle Trails in Northern India: Reminiscences of Hunting in India:

These are the best records from the northwest area of India. This was the region where Jim Corbett lived and where the famous Bachelor of Powalgarh made its domains.

Hewett was a great hunter and naturalist, but he don’t present all his records in a single form, he gives the list of his largest ones but all the other are scattered through the book. In this case, I used the images posted by peter and Bold champ, in order the get the full list of specimens presented by Hewett in his book. Here are all the original images:
















Note: the post allows only 10 images for post. The next images will be in my next post.

Based in all these weights, I constructed the following tables (preliminary) for male and female tigers:



The average weight for males was of 202.1 kg (n=19; range 165.6 – 258.5) while that of females was of 139.4 kg (n=7; range 117.9 – 157.4). This surprises me because the figures of peter are completely different. Here is the comparison:

Me (2014): Males - 202.1 kg (n=19; range 165.6 – 258.5).
Females - 139.4 kg (n=7; range 117.9 – 157.4).
From peter: Males - 197.6 kg (n=18; range 161.0 – 258.5).
Females – 132.9 kg (n=8; range 113.4 – 157.4).

My first thought was that I was wrong and I copy again all the records, this time manually and latter I compare them with those of my excel sheet. The result was clear: I had not repeated any record and I have not found in any part the weights of the smallest specimens (355 lb for the male; 250 lb for the female).

About the female, the sample of peter is larger, so it is possible that Bold simple don’t found the record and didn’t take a picture of it. However, for the male tigers, my sample is larger and I highly doubt that Bold would lose the opportunity to show such a small specimen. My guess is that in the case of the male, maybe peter misquotes the figure of 365 lb, while in the case of the female I think that Bold slipped that figure in his pictures. Take in count that this is just speculation, and peter is the only one that could clarify those records.

It is interesting to see that if we take only the specimens over 170 kg (the male of 368 lb was a cub with his sister; the male of 365 lb had porcupine quills in its back), the average will be of 209 kg (n=16), slightly higher than the records of Cooch Behar (excluding the gorged or full of beef specimens). If we include the male of 355 lb, the average would be of 200 kg (n=20).

It seems that the tigers from the northwest India had average figures of no less than 200 kg for males and 130 kg for females. However, I need the help of peter in order the set the official figure in this area. About the total length (which is the only measurement presented by Hewett), I am not interested as it was taken over curves. So, in that case, I would only copy-paste the figures of peter.

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Here are the other images from Bold:















He posted 14 images in total.

If you have join the forum recently and reading this thread, then I have some tips for you to get starting here.

1. If you think you can contribute to the wildfact community with your knowledge and data, then contact @peter with your expertise details. He will direct you.

2. If you are here just to learn about your favorite wild animals, keep coming back regularly. Book mark it.

3. You can also go to this link to give feedback, suggestion etc.

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I request all of you to keep this forum growing with good data and knowledge.

A - WHY THIS FORUM WAS STARTED

Our planet is quite something to behold. Although many would agree with this statement, the natural world isn't considered an issue by those elected to represent 'We, the People'. The result is wild country is threatened everywhere.

The balance between humans and other creatures has been lost. In about one century only, many species have disappeared completely. Those that survived, lost over 90% of their numbers in many cases. If we want to preserve what is left, we have to act and we have to do it now.

In order to do this, we need a voice. The problem is 'We, the People' have no opportunity to talk to those responsible for the destruction we see. Those elected to 'represent' us, most unfortunately, also prefer to ignore us. Access has a price, these days.

There are many ways to change this situation. One, perhaps, is to create a forum where we can discuss things omitted in most debates and agenda's.

This forum is about the natural world and those living in the unknown emerald forest. In this forum, they will have a voice. We will speak for them and they will be heard.


B - FORUM RULES

If we want to realize the goal and enable all of those interested to contribute, we need a few rules.

01 - The intention of this forum is to provide good information and to enable good debates. Debates on issues neglected by researchers. In order to get there, we need respect. Respect for good information, good arguments and, last but not least, respect for other members. This means all members involved in a debate have to refrain from anything not accepted in real life as well.

02 - This forum is about good information. What is good information? Good information is reliable, first-hand and authentic information related to the topic discussed. Information collected by researchers and those who have (had) first-hand experience with wild or captive animals. Could be books, articles, short stories, tables and interviews. Anything goes, as long as it is authentic and true.

03 - What are 'good' debates? In a good debate, all participants are enabled to present their views/ideas on a topic without being shot immediately. In order to get there, arguments are needed. Presented in such a way, they can be discussed. This means posts have to be short, to the point and readable .

04 - What is the aim of a debate? The aim is to present all views and ideas and get to a conclusion. A conclusion shared by most. It takes more skill to disagree with some dignity than to agree.

05 - What is not wanted? The forum is on the natural world and those without a voice. This means it isn't about us, humans. Anyone who uses animals to talk about himself is adviced to visit other forums. Same for those interested in fights, (confirmation of) preference, wars and connected.

06 - Moderation in this forum is strict.

The magic and mystery of the anaconda had captivated the mind of zoologists and explorers of all times. However, a basic data of this animal, its size, had transform it in a legend of the natural world.

This post will try to reveal the reliable data about this animal, in order to get the most accurate idea of "how large can be an anaconda".

Enjoy and participate. Remember, all data used most be backup with its source.

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Anacondas from Venezuela:

As far I know, the only place were anacondas had been studies by scientists is in the Venezuelan are known as "Los Llanos". This magnificent place is also home of other giants like the capibara or the jaguar, which in this places reach giant sizes.

I have created this table, showing the largest specimens recorded by scientists in the field:



It seems that the largest recorded in this are was of 6.5 m, however we most take in count the case of the 5.5 m anaconda from NatGeo, that was latter measured and was found that its true size was much less than the previous presented. Sadly, the Biologist that measure that snake is dead, so we can't corroborate the reliability of the measurement.

Enjoy the data, there is more to come. :)

 

Hacking is vast field and anything over internet or computer is never 100% hacked proof. I am giving some general tips to stay safe from being hacked for all users here.
Often hacking results in spoiling all the hard work of any user here.
There are 2 common hacking techniques used to hacking the passwords.

No.1 Phishing

Phishing is most common technique used to hack the username and password by making fake login page of website you use to login.

How the hacker do it:

In this technique the hacker make a login page of the website exactly same in look and feel and will mail, pm, or text you the link of that fake asking you to input your username and password to do something.
If you click on this link you will get a login page exactly same as you used to login in actual website. You will enter your username and password. That username and password will be mailed silently (at background) to the hacker. In this way you will lose your username and password without even knowing it.

How to avoid this:

1. Never click on any link from your mail or pm that ask for putting username and password for any reason.

2. Always see the URL address of the link very carefully whenever you click on any such link.

3. Always bookmark your favorite website (login page also) URL address and whenever you need to visit or access them, go either by clicking on it or type the URL yourself. Never trust any link sent in your mail box or private message box.

4. If you realize that you have been hacked, quickly change your password.

No. 2 Key logger

Key logger is malicious or malware program that silently installed on your system (computer, laptop, mobile tablet etc.), when you install any other software from untrusted websites.

How the hacker do it:

Once these key logger is installed on your computer it will keep sending all your activities (keypad typing etc.) silently in background to the hacker without knowing you.

How to avoid this:

1. Never download software, cracks serial keys from untrusted websites.

2. Always install antivirus in your system if you visit to or downloads from untrusted websites.

3. Keep checking your task manager for programs that running in background of your system.

To know more about these technique please google them. These Tips are very important for moderator. These tips will save you from being hacked not only from WF but also from your favorite websites*

*These tips are for general information for all members here. However I don’t take any responsibility that your account will never be hacked by following these tips.