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Felids Interactions - Interspecific Conflicts
Felids Interactions - Interspecific Conflicts
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Felids Interactions - Interspecific Conflicts
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   This is a rare sighting in which a leopard escaped from a pride of lions when he caught an Impala in the waterhole. While leopard was busy in suffocating the Impala, Lions approaches slowly towards him. Thanks to god Leopard saw them at a right time and run away from the sight.
Bobcat about to feast on a coyote carcass
 *This image is copyright of its original author
On the coexistence of tigers and leopards in India
"In the Royal Chitawan National Park, Nepal, the tiger (Panthera tigris) and the leopard (Panthera pardm) coexist in the riverine forest/tall grass vegetation types. These two big cats differ in the size of prey killed, use of vegetation types, and in activity periods. Although the tiger's weight is four times that of the leopard, coexistence is reportedly not the general rule. A comparison of the results from Chitawan with Kanha National Park (India), where resident tigers occur but leopards are only transients, and Wilpattu National Park (Sri Lanka), where there are leopards but no tigers, indicates that coexistence in Chitawan is facilitated by a large prey biomass, a larger proportion of the ungulate biomass in the small size classes, and by the dense vegetation structure. Some consequences of predator size and the role of interspecific dominance are discussed." https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1c98/b5...56aeed.pdf "Ecological theory predicts that sympatric species should avoid competition through diet, spatial and/or temporal partitioning. In carnivores, interference is widespread between species with similar diets. Smaller species are expected to differentiate their diet from that of larger, dominant ones, to reduce the risk of potentially lethal encounters. Interference has been reported between tigers and common leopards, with the former dominant over the latter. In 2009–2011, in an area of Terai, South-West Nepal, we assessed food habits and prey selection of tigers and common leopards, to evaluate whether prey partitioning occurred between these large cats. Prey availability was high, both in terms of number of species (at least seven wild ungulates beside livestock, two primates and an array of smaller prey) and density (large ungulates, livestock and primates: 130.8–174.8 individuals per km2). Wild vertebrates were the staple of both cats (tigers: 82.7%; common leopards: 66.6%), but common leopards used livestock significantly more than tigers did. Diet breadth of leopards was c. 20% larger than that of tigers, indicating a broader trophic niche. Significant differences in prey use and selection occurred between tigers and leopards, with the former using large (i.e. >100 kg) prey more often and small (i.e. 5–25 kg) prey less often than the latter did. Medium-sized prey were taken in comparable proportions by the two cats, with a great overlap of diet (Pianka index: 0.85). In conclusion, in our study area, apparently tigers and leopards did not base their coexistence on diet partitioning, suggesting a major role for spatial and/or temporal partitioning." file:///C:/Users/Knowhow/Downloads/Lovarietal.2014%20(1).pdf 
This is a new video. Hyena fell into trap of ambushing lion, but it was his lucky day
Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars’ range
"We present the first study that evaluates jaguar-puma interactions in the arid lands of northern Mexico, where jaguars have their northernmost breeding population and both predators are persecuted for livestock depredation. We tested whether jaguars are the dominant species in this unique ecosystem, where: (1) pumas outnumber jaguars, (2) pumas are better adapted to arid environments, and (3) jaguars and pumas are of similar size. We analyzed four years of data with two approaches; a two species conditional occupancy model and an activity patterns analysis. We used camera location and prey presence as covariates for jaguar and puma detection and presence probabilities. We also explored overlap in activities of predators and prey. Where both species were detected, peccary presence was positively correlated with both jaguar and puma presence, whereas in areas where jaguars were detected but pumas were not, deer presence explained the probability of jaguar presence. We found that both predators were more likely to co-occur together than to be found independently, and so we rejected the hypothesis that jaguars were the dominant species in our study area. Predators were mainly nocturnal and their activity patterns overlapped by 60%. Jaguar, as compared with puma, overlapped more with deer and calves; puma overlapped with calves more than with other prey, suggesting a preference. We believe exploring predator relationships at different scales may help elucidate mechanisms that regulate their coexistence." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article...77/#ref-10
@Sully
 *This image is copyright of its original author Can anybody see "TERRITORIES" b/w two different species called Leopard and Tiger ?????? Some people never understand this no matter how many times I say this ... In b/w different species competition exists, territories don't exist. They live in same place and may interact (fight) or avoid due for competition. Many people mistake those competetive interactions as territorial behavior. How can they fight for territory when they don't have territories to fight for b/w them... Tiger chases a leopard because it don't like anyone competing to feed on its kills or prey animals not because leopard will mate with tiger or tigress. Territories are for mating rights and to ensure genetic line of the strongest ones in "conspecies". This misconception and misuse of terminology shouldn't continue. I suggest to read this document which sully provided. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1c98/b5...56aeed.pdf Similarly, lion and tiger has inter-specific competition not territorial behavior like all other different species of animals on this planet nothing special. And in competition, species populations balance in a systematic way to avoid competitive exclusion or extinction like above said leopard-tiger or lion-leopard or jaguar-puma. This called co-occurrence or coexistence means living in same place and it occurs every second and every moment in natural environment. So, at least forum members should recognize significance of Lion reintroduction. 
Sanju. A tiger may attack a lion or a leopard because he feels his resources or cubs are threatened, which they may very well be with a lion lingering around. And cats do and can fight for territories, trust me, they wont want to share a scent mark in their territory with another cat.
(04-21-2019, 01:31 PM)paul cooper Wrote: Sanju. A tiger may attack a lion or a leopard because he feels his resources or cubs are threatened, which they may very well be with a lion lingering around.Exactly, that's what I said. In inter-species competition, they do fight and also kill sometimes but that totally depends on interaction and situation. It shouldn't be confused with territorial display which happens only with other individuals of own species for mating. (04-21-2019, 01:31 PM)paul cooper Wrote: And cats do and can fight for territories, trust me, they wont want to share a scent mark in their territory with another cat.What you are saying applies to conspecies. Two different animals can't communicate through vocalizations or scent markings. I'm tired of saying about this again n again. You can visit Lion n Tiger coexistence thread. I provided information what researchers and biologists stated. It happened before and will happen if given chance. If you think leopards mate with tigers then, tigers and lions or other big cats have territories b/w them. I'll leave it to your knowledge.  In ecology different type of species populations make up a community. A community of animals function in a particular niche of an ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_(ecology)  (04-21-2019, 10:17 AM)Sanju Wrote: @SullyWhat you said is partially true, but not fully. Also that's just your opinions & assumptions, not proven facts, no matter how many times you say it. But it's a proven fact that with increase in tiger numbers, leopards are moving towards the fringe forests. Ofcourse there's gonna be some degree of coexistance but that one map proves no point... Dominant tigers tolerate other tigers in their territory too, to a degree, especially in a prey-stocked & protected forest like Chitwan. (Smithsonianmag) Don't throw one-sided research with cherrypicked data to prove your point. It won't serve the purpose (but you'll unnecessarily risk your credibility). How come you haven't come across these papers? ResearchGate Do tigers displace leopards? If so why? ScienceDaily: Conservation targeting tigers pushes leopards to change ToI: Growing number of tigers pushing leopards out of jungle Not just leopards, is the same with dhole & wolves (Siberia) too, where they hunt similar prey; WCS.org: Unfriendly Neighbours Because threat perception, in other words whether they'll consider each other a menace, would also depend on direct competition they're experiencing; Sciencemag: Lions coexist with cheetahs, but not with wild dogs Tigers & leopards don't belong in the same niche. Tigers may chase down a leopard the same reason it goes after a jungle cat... simply because it can!! Comparison between Jaguar-Puma or Dhole-Wolf would be more apt of your want to predict lion-tiger interactions.  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author Map of known sightings of leopard submitted to the Tanzania Carnivore Project since 2003  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author Map of sightings of lion submitted to the Tanzania Carnivore Project since 2003 http://www.darwininitiative.org.uk/docum...%20CAP.pdf I'm not "proving" anything ... @Rishi
Again just another map...
Lions tolerating leopards, or cheetahs, or hyenas could be like people tolerating stray dogs. That is, they're not big enough trouble to spend time & resources on. We don't know whether a tigress considers leopards or dholes as mere pests! The same didn't happen between homo sapiens & neanderthals. This is much more interesting (& IMO comparable with lions-tigers). Jaguars & cougars do coexist fairly successfully owing to vast wilderness being available, but there's usually little overlap: NCBI: Jaguar interactions with pumas and prey at the northern edge of jaguars’ range ZSL: Coexistence of jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) in a mosaic landscape in the Venezuelan llanos Oxford: Spatial and Temporal Interactions of Sympatric Jaguars (Panthera onca) and Pumas (Puma concolor) in a Neotropical Forest  (04-21-2019, 03:32 PM)Sanju Wrote: I was briefly looking this conversation, I didn´t now understand what was the point with these maps? Or is there some particular part in that linked document, where was said something about territorial behaviour of these animals? (04-21-2019, 03:40 PM)Rishi Wrote: The same didn't happen between homo sapiens & neanderthals.Homo sapiens are not just other animals to compare with ... Humans & any other animal (other than domesticated) ends up in exclusion of the latter and you know why. (04-21-2019, 03:40 PM)Rishi Wrote: Lions tolerating leopards, or cheetahs, or hyena.Toleration for what ? It is because there are no territories. They fight and kill each other time to time if they get a chance that's what competition is. Still they living along them because reproduction don't stop. Will they tolerate other individuals of same species ? NO coz they do have territories and they are territorial animals. BTW didn't you come across these ? Coexistence of the tiger and the common leopard Food Habits of Large Carnivores (Leopard and Lion) in Gir National Park and Sanctuary (GNPS), Gujarat, India Gir has One of highest leopard concentration as well as lion density and still they live in the same place even having limited prey and intense competition with other carnivores. It's not because they are living in mercy of lions or "tolerance", "truce" or "friendship". Lions kill leopard cubs and adults sometimes and leopards do the same. Still, they are living with overlapping spatial and temporal dynamics because population is stable and balanced between their birth rate and mortality rate (due to competition with lions or other carnivores, habitat or ecosystem's carrying capacity as well as human factors). That is what predator and communities ecology is as both co-evolved for thousands of years where as others like smilodons or whatever didn't cope up. |
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