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Tyrannosaurus rex
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" What do paleontologists call a pack of T. rexes? A terror of tyrannosaurs. The deadliest land predator ever to live is having a moment. Not only did the American Museum of Natural History launch its huge new exhibition this spring; the National Museum of Natural History, in Washington, D.C., has reopened its fossil hall around what it's billed as "the nation's T. rex." It's also the subject of commemorative stamps issued in August.
In fact, T. rex is America's dinosaur. Every one of the 60 or so specimens found so far has come from the Western United States or from Canada. Most of them have nicknames: There's Sue in Chicago; Scotty in Saskatchewan; Bucky in Indianapolis, among others. Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex, often called T. rex or colloquially T-Rex, is one of the most well-represented of the large theropods. Tyrannosaurus lived throughout what is now western North America, on what was then an island continent known as Laramidia. Height: 3.7 – 6.1 m Family: †Tyrannosauridae Mass: 4,500 – 14,000 kg Eaten by: Tyrannosaurus Eats: Triceratops, Santanaraptor, Edmontosaurus, Corythosaurus, Tyrannosaurus. " By Herschel Hoffmeyer
Something again about Scotty:
" Scotty: The Dinosaur Skeleton Which is a Contender for the Largest T. Rex Ever In March 2019, a Tyrannosaurus rex made headlines 66 million years after it had died. Was its skeleton the largest of its kind ever discovered? Dubbed "Scotty", the skeleton had been discovered in Saskatchewan, Canada. In fact, these bones had been unearthed decades before. They were found in 1991, by then-school teacher Robert Gebhardt, but were so deeply encased in sandstone that it has taken decades to painstakingly remove them. Until now, the largest T. rex skeleton known to science was that of "Sue". It was uncovered in South Dakota, USA, on 12 August 1990, by explorer and fossil collector Sue Hendrickson, after whom it was named. So how do Scotty and Sue size up? Unfortunately, it's practically impossible to make a direct comparison, as the two specimens are not equally whole. Sue is approximately 90% complete, compared to 65% for Scotty – indeed, Sue is the most complete T. rex skeleton – comprising 250 of the 380 bones that the body would have featured. That also makes it possible to calculate this dinosaur's original size – 12.5 m (41 ft) long and 4 m (13 ft) tall at the hip – fairly precisely. From what we can tell, Scotty was probably slightly longer – perhaps up to 13 m (42 ft 7 in), according to the University of Alberta's Dr W Scott Persons, who led a study into calculating Scotty's dimensions. But scientists always allow a margin of error when comparing such ancient skeletons. " 
Some more information regarding Scotty possibly the largest Tyrannosaurus rex
*This image is copyright of its original author Scotty exceeds Sue in 84.6% of the published measurements. Measurements where Scotty surpasses Sue spreadsheet created by Franoys ScottySue Franoys has estimated the specimen Sue at 8830 kg 9.7 tons while if the same method he used to obtain his estimated weight for Sue was applied to Scotty with the latest measurements we would get around 9238 kg 10.1 tons. Scotty's hip girdle is more robust than Sues is. This is important because the hip girdle is the center mass bearing structure for a theropod dinosaur so its highly possible that Scotty carried around more weight than Sue did. Besides being quite a bit thicker than Sue, the rest of its body collectively implies a much brawnier body shape than other big theropods. Plus a comparison of cubic femoral dimensions gives a much greater overall weight. The latest study regarding Scotty describes its shoulder bones, hips and it's leg bones and they are all larger with Scotty than the corresponding bones in the Sue specimen. Quote from W. Scott Pearsons “It wasn’t until now we’ve been able to take a step back and look at the specimen as a whole, “And doing so there’s an oh gosh moment because the specimen really is enormous.” “We looked at this from a number of different angles. Obviously the best way to do it is the direct one-to-one comparisons through the various skeletal elements,” Persons said. “When you look at everything from the shoulder to the hip to the leg to portions of even the toe bones, yes, Scotty the Tyrannosaurus rex comes out consistently just a smidgen-bit larger than Sue.” Both Sue and Scotty had their weights estimated in the latest study. The method used to calculate the mass in the latest study was the same for both of the specimens and the data shows that Scotty is heavier than Sue is. The latest study put Scotty's weight at an estimated 8870 kg(9.7 tons) while Sue is estimated at 8462 kg(9.3 tons) This is also not the first time that Scotty has been estimated to out mass Sue. There was a study conducted back in 2014 that estimated the weight for some of the large theropod dinosaurs and both Sue and Scotty were included. This older study concluded that Sue was around 7377 kg (8.1 tons) while Scotty was 8004 kg (8.8 tons) You can view this study here Body mass estimation in non‐avian bipeds using a theoretical conversion to quadruped stylopodial proportions It is also believed that Scotty was in its early 30s when it died making it possibly the oldest T.rex even older than Sue who has been estimated to have been around 28 at the time of its death. Scotty by Harry the Fox click here https://www.deviantart.com/harry-the-fox/art/Scotty-the-Tyrannosaurus-Rex-811981031 for more info  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author Sue and Scotty comparison by Thedinorocker https://www.deviantart.com/thedinorocker/art/Biggest-in-town-792696226  *This image is copyright of its original author Scotty by Randomdinos  *This image is copyright of its original author You can read more here https://qr.ae/TW8ODw this is where most of this information comes from.
@JurassicDD :
About #123: very interesting... At the far end of the 2010-2019 decade Scotty makes everybody agree about the T-rex supremacy among predator dinosaurs. To tell the truth when I saw for the first time your post at #110 of this topic here (skeletton of the largest known spinosaurid and Sue compared), I was straight after convinced about it. (12-22-2019, 01:01 PM)Spalea Wrote: @JurassicDD : Sue and Scotty are both truly massive animals the bulk these animals carried around was pretty incredible. With our most current understanding, Tyrannosaurus does seem to be the most robust out of the big theropods mostly down to its more barrel-shaped torso and overall wider more muscular builds.  *This image is copyright of its original author As you can see T.rex has a wider more massive skull thicker neck and is just built more chunky. That being said our sample size for Tyrannosaurus is better than the majority of the other big theropods more and better complete specimens are really needed to get a better idea of the size and proportions for the other big theropod dinosaurs. So then we can maybe stop with the oversized Spinosaur estimates and the 14 meter long Carnosaurs estimates that are still floating around.
" Remember if you’re ever feeling displeased or unsatisfied with your art it’s important to take a step back and appreciate how far you’ve come and how much further you’ll progress with more practice. It may just give you the motivation you need to keep pursuing your art. I’ve been drawing this animal, Tyrannosaurus rex for nearly a decade I reckon and yet I’ve never once produced an illustration I’m completely satisfied with. However I’m proud to say that ever piece I’ve produced is a slight improvement over the last. "
paleonerd01.com (12-23-2019, 02:17 AM)Spalea Wrote: " Remember if you’re ever feeling displeased or unsatisfied with your art it’s important to take a step back and appreciate how far you’ve come and how much further you’ll progress with more practice. It may just give you the motivation you need to keep pursuing your art. I’ve been drawing this animal, Tyrannosaurus rex for nearly a decade I reckon and yet I’ve never once produced an illustration I’m completely satisfied with. However I’m proud to say that ever piece I’ve produced is a slight improvement over the last. " He does some great work.
@JurassicDD :
About #127: " He does some great work. ". Yes, and as concerns the drawing, I am 100% quite agree with him.
Sue and Scotty
 *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author Sue by Scott Hartman and Scotty by Randomdinos comparison by Maxilla
Only because this evening is the Christmas day...
Happy Christmas to all the Wildfact community ! PS: something weird... Among the T-rex, females were bigger than males weren't they ?
The whole female Tyrannosaurus being larger than the males is purely speculation really. It mostly stemmed from when Walking with Dinosaurs stating the females are larger and more aggressive than the males. Well, behavior does not fossilize so i have no idea where they got that from we have no way of knowing if females were more aggressive than males. Most of Walking with Dinosaurus is outdated these days but that's to be expected it was made back in 1999 over 20 years ago. It's always funny when people to this very day still like to use it as an accurate source for information though.
We really don't know if specimens such as Sue or Scotty are male or female yet. The names they have are just nicknames and have nothing to do with what sex they are. 
Well, we do have B-rex who was confirmed to be female via fossil medullary tissue. But it's not exactly very big, at ~10.4 meters and ~4 tonnes, so if anything it would support females=smaller. That 'females=bigger' theory is not exactly in line with information we do have.
In all honesty, we don't have a statistically valid fossil sample nor enough fossil evidence to figure out the difference between male and female T rex, and probably never will.
@JurassicDD :
About #131: Yes I know and saw "Walking with dinosaurs" documentary. Agree with you we have no proof of what sex was the bigger. Are the dinosaurs reptiles, like crocs (which are archosaurs like dinosaurs according to some) ? In this case males are often larger. Are, in fact, the dinosaurs birds ? In this case females are larger for the majority of cases. But we don't know and the percentage of full skeletons discovered is so small that we cannot have any certainty about that.
Dinosaurs including the birds are quite different from reptiles they are endothermic many of them are feathery and lay hard-shelled eggs and have their legs drawn indirectly under the body none of which is true of reptiles. But because they are descended from reptiles, they are part of the clade of all reptiles and all things descended from reptiles. And it's like you stated we will most probably never have enough well-preserved specimens to really know for sure many things regarding Dinosaurs. The only way we could answer all our questions for certain would be if we could go back in time and view a big functioning population. Sad i know.
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