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Tyrannosaurus rex
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Was T-rex covered in feathers or scales?
Fossil of T-rex by Amanda Kelly:  *This image is copyright of its original author
@BorneanTiger :
About #92: I saw this film on dvd a few months ago. The t-rex and the lion roaring face to face form the last image of this film. Nothing more to say about... The dinosaures are escaping in the United States, this t-rex entered into a zoo and it is "to be continued" for a "Jurassic World III" planned for 2021.
T-rex putting his big paw down a corpse of an ankylosaurid. But I don't identify this horned-on-the snout ankylosaurid...
Very detailed depiction of the t-rex's face, with the opened mouth of course...
Regarding the new comparative estimates published by Persons et al. (2019), a major flaw is that they only gave regard to femoral circumference. This would cause an intrinsic bias toward animals who had greater femoral circumference but short bone length in terms of mass estimation. In other words, the estimate completely disregards any key part of the animal's frame. As an analogy, imagine Smilodon. From Christiansen and Harris (2005), we can use CN11 as an example. The regression-based estimates for this specimen were 243.6 kg based on length and 516 kg based on least circumference. Both estimates are probably very much off and the true weight is somewhere between those two. In Persons et al. (2019), this analogy shows use of only femoral circumference would result in overexaggeration of Scotty's mass at least relative to thinner but longer boned therapods like Giganotosaurus. The scale factor used by Persons et al. (2019) is also quite nearly isometric at 2.754, making it unlikely the factor deducted enough for short but stout boned animals. Single measurement estimates can be accurate, but only in the case of intraspecific comparison, like comparing a lion to a lion.
I relate what it is said: " The architecture of the Tyrannosaur skull was shaped by millions of years of evolution toward developing bigger jaw muscles, stronger skull bones, and increasingly thick, robust serrated teeth capable of puncturing through bone. From huge coprolites (fossil poops) packed with mulched bone, to huge shed tyrannosaur teeth lodged deeply into other dinosaur’s bones like they’d been shot into the animal with a rifle, there is a lot of evidence suggesting that T. rex had what was probably among the most powerful bites we know of from the animal kingdom, and perhaps the strongest ever among terrestrial animals. Some hard biting modern dinosaurs – parrots specifically – exhibit extensive cranial kinesis – or the ability of the bones of their skulls to flex and move. A bunch of other animals, from fish to reptiles to birds and some other dinosaurs show clear signs of cranial kinesis, so that lead Ian Cost & his team to try and figure out whether this was going on with Tyrannosaurs. In a new study, Dr. Ian Cost & colleagues test whether or not cranial kinesis was part of the suite of biomechanical adaptations that enabled T. rex to bite so bafflingly hard./>Turns out, probably not. Their computer models indicate that the numerous bones in T. rex’s head must have been tightly fused when the animal was alive, more like crocs and turtles in that regard than birds. "
It seems to be a "bovine" tyrannosaurus... From Jerry Reyes: https://www.instagram.com/monsterpaintz/
How hard could a T-rex bite?
Cost et al (2019) has a new BF estimates for Stan the T-rex. One of the most rigorous BF studies i have seen: Quote:Bite forces in our Tyrannosaurus model (35,365N–The values in the parentheses are supposed to be from different biting positions, anterior (incisiform?) and posterior (molariform?) respectively. The posterior BF of T-rex is about 6500 kg of force for those who are not familiar with Newtons. Imagine having a bull 6.5 tonnes African elephant with railroad spikes stuck to its butt sitting on something. The value here is supposed to be Static/Sustained BF, the Impact/Snapping BF of T-rex when it slams its jaw onto something is probably even higher.
Scotty's depiction... Impressive beast ! With feathers on the neck.
Discovered in 1991, the Tyrannosaurus rex specimen known as Scotty weighed an estimated 19,500 pounds in life—making it the biggest T. rex ever found. Illustration by Beth Zaiken, the Royal Saskatchewan Museum  *This image is copyright of its original author
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