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Elephants
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 (01-18-2024, 05:12 AM)Spalea Wrote: I am bummed... These scums respect nothing. This is so heartbreaking. 
Human–elephant conflict mitigation as a public good: what determines fence maintenance?
Abstract Negative interactions between humans and elephants are known to have serious consequences, resulting in loss of life and deterioration in the quality of life for both species. Reducing human–elephant conflicts (HEC) is essential for elephant conservation as well as social justice. Non-lethal electric fences placed around villages or communities are a widely used intervention to mitigate HEC. Such barriers act as non-excludable and non-subtractable resources—i.e., public goods—that must be maintained collectively by beneficiaries or the State. Despite being fairly effective when well maintained, most such fences in northeast India are poorly maintained. This leads to our central question: why are some fences well maintained and others poorly maintained? We studied 19 such fences using qualitative comparative analysis, Ostrom's social-ecological systems framework, and a grounded theory approach, incorporating qualitative social science tools. We found that, contrary to our hypothesis, the functionality of fences cannot be predicted based on the design of the fence, whether or not the community made cash payments, or ethnic homogeneity or leadership in the village. Instead, we found there are three potential pathways of maintenance: (1) a community maintainer, (2) the community self-organizes, and (3) the Forest Department. Maintenance occurs when there is a congruence between perceived costs and benefits for the entity responsible for fence maintenance. These costs and benefits are diverse, including not just material benefits but intangibles like goodwill, sense of safety, social standing, and a feeling of fairness. We highlight these factors and provide recommendations for practitioners and policy. Human–elephant conflict mitigation as a public good: what determines fence maintenance? Dr Raman Sukumar gives a small talk regarding use of technology to conserve elephants   *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author Quote:The largest elephant ever measured was a specimen killed in Mucusso in southwestern Angola on November 7, 1974, weighing 12,274 kg, measuring 10.67 m in length, 3.96 m in height and 4.17 m in width.  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author Quote:The second largest elephant ever measured was a specimen killed on November 13, 1955 in the Cuando River in southeastern Angola. 
Short video showing a spectacular fight between two massive adults African elephants:
Another tourist killed by an elephant in South Africa, this time at The Kruger National Park. Details are sketchy but the apparent gist of the incident as these:
1) Grandfather and his two grandchildren aged 11 and 5 involved with the grandfather killed 2) Incident happened at Malelane Gate but here is where the articles and details get hazy and it's not apparent whether it happened in the Park or outside as some outlets state that the elephant went back into the Kruger while the SanParks release state at Malelane Gate 3) There are conflicting eye witness accounts: one is that they were taking videos etc, the elephant charged, they all ran, the boy aged 11 fell, the grandfather returned to help and was trampled while another version states that the grandfather noticed the elephant close by and then ran towards the kids. I can but give you my opinion having been to Malelane and most other gates and my own personal experience and a misconception that a lot of people have when at the gates. The reception area, offices, toilets, curios etc are actually within the park boundaries and are generally unfenced while the actual gate and boundary fence is sometimes as much as a kilometer away. In the case of Malelane, as you exit the park, you have the reception offices, parking lot and the road exiting across the bridge and then the actual gate thus the area between the reception and gates is still Park and open to any of it's inhabitants large and small. I myself have come across leopard, on foot but spotted well in advance and a safe distance kept (relatively), as well as elephant, buffalo, hippo etc while in my vehicle. It is at this point where visitors can be lulled into a false sense of security, a very good example being another incident at Paul Kruger Gate where a group of ladies taking photos of the Paul Kruger statue had to run for their lives as a breeding herd came through. It is extremely unfortunate and I must stress that my post above is merely my own observation of the surrounds and what my experience is. Details are sketchy, like I said, and I would not want to speculate or put the blame on the unfortunate but in my opinion, a similar incident came close to happening before and it was probably only a matter of time before it struck hard. Links to my post of SanParks Forum about leopard on foot, the previous incident at Kruger Gate and the release by SanParks of the death: https://www.sanparks.org/forums/viewtopi...t#p2084866 https://youtu.be/spTvCVF-OL4?si=eaVNFATZD7NpAl0D Not hard to see how things could go pear shaped very quickly in that scenario and the reality is, that sort of video taking at entrance gates take place with regularity. https://www.sanparks.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=133739 I've deliberately not linked a news article as I don't feel that any of them are giving any sort of context while sensationalising to a large extent. So if the release on the last link seems a bit bare, it's by choice. |
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