WildFact
›
Information Section
›
Extinct Animals
›
Dinosaurs
The biggest dinosaurs that lived on Earth
The biggest dinosaurs that lived on Earth
|
The biggest dinosaurs that lived on Earth
|
China had a LOT of very big sauropods overall (some of which were previously mentioned but this is an overview post), with several reaching the size range of, and even exceeding, Argentinosaurus!
Here are all the 50+ tonne Chinese sauropods, biggest to smallest. Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum - 35 meters, 75 tonnes Huanghetitan - 30 meters, ~73.3 tonnes Yunmenlong - 30 meters, ~71 tonnes based on relatives Fusuisaurus - 30 meters, 70 tonnes Ruyangosaurus - 31 meters, 60 tonnes, still growing Xinjiangtitan - 30-32 meters, ~47.2-57.3 tonnes based on relatives Hudiesaurus - at least 30 meters and 50 tonnes based on relatives, possibly more Chuanjiesaurus - 30 meters and 50 tonnes BONUS: 'Xinghesaurus', an informally named titanosaur mounted in Tokyo for a 2009 dinosaur expo. This is to be taken with a grain of salt as the animal was measured using long distance pixels and has no guaranteed measurements until it is formally described and named, but Paleo King (here: paleoking.blogspot.com) was able to estimate ~27 meters for it, and scaling up from relatives gets almost 96 tonnes!
Greg Paul has recently released a paper that has to do with very big sauropods. Some of the mass estimates are probably quite a bit lower than they should be (there's a reason why Greg Paul is often called the king of shrinkwrapping), but it's useful insight into general info of giant sauropods.
http://gspauldino.com/Titanomass.pdf
Antarctosaurus giganteus size
Here are some size figures I have obtained for Antarctosaurus giganteus. All these are scaled to 235 cm femur catalogued as MLP 26-316, as per Mazzetta (2004), as well as an uncatalogued 250 cm femur in the Museo de La Plata mentioned in Paul (1994) that likely belongs to Antarctosaurus giganteus. It is very incomplete and is only known from large femora (von Huene 1929 and Paul 1994), therefore its size and proportions are mostly conjecture. As such, to get a rough idea of its size, I will scale several other titanosaurs to lengths of 235 and 250 cm femur. For base sauropods, I am using lognkosaurs (such as Ruyangosaurus, Futalognkosaurus, Argentinosaurus, and Patagotitan) and derived lithostrotians (such as Saltasaurus, Diamantinasaurus, Paludititan, Opisthocoelicaudia, and Dreadnoughtus) because they have ended up close to Antarctosaurus in several phylogenetic analyses (such as Poropat 2014, Lacovara 2014, Gonzales Riga 2016, Carballido 2017, Gonzales Riga 2018, Mannion 2019, and Gonzales Riga 2019). I am also using other antarctosaurids such as Bonitasaura, Antarctosaurus wichmannianus, and Antarctosaurus brasiliensis because they, as antarctosaurids, are very closely related to Antarctosaurus giganteus and would almost certainly be similar to it. Mass estimations and scaling: Based on a 10 meter, 5 tonne, 105 cm femur Bonitasaura (Apesteguia 2004, Paul 2010, Paul 2016 and GetAwayTrike), I get ~30 meters and ~67.64 tonnes for the 235 cm femur, and ~31.91 meters and ~81.43 tonnes for the 250 cm femur, with the larger neck and tail that Antarctosaurus giganteus would have factored in (I used the proportions of this Opisthocoelicaudia GDI assuming a 1/2 as long and voluminous neck, to account for Bonitasaura proportions, and the proportions of this Patagotitan GDI to calculate the percentage of length/mass increase; when scaling the Bonitasaura up with no changes assumed whatsoever, I get ~22.38 meters and ~56 tonnes for the 235 cm femur, and ~23.8 meters and ~67.48 tonnes for the 250 cm femur). Based on a 33.5-37 meter, 80-90 tonne, 250 cm femur Argentinosaurus (randomdinos, Paleo King, Benson 2014), I get ~31.49-34.78 meters and ~66.46-74.75 tonnes for the 235 cm femur, and about the same (as the Argentinosaurus) for the 250 cm femur. Based on a 26 meter, 40+ tonne, 190 cm femur Futalognkosaurus (Calvo 2007, Calvo 2008, Benson 2014 and Paleo King, note that the real Futalognkosaurus is probably significantly larger than this but it would not change the proportions), I get ~32.15 meters and ~76+ tonnes for the 235 cm femur and ~34.2 meters and ~91.5+ tonnes for the 250 cm femur. Based on an 18 meter, 15 tonne, 130 cm femur Antarctosaurus wichmannianus (Ornithopsis), I get ~32.53 meters and ~88 tonnes for the 235 cm femur, and ~34.6 meter and ~105.9 tonnes for the 250 cm femur. Based on a 15 meter, 10 tonne, 115 cm femur Antarctosaurus brasiliensis (Arid and Vizotto 1971, randomdinos), I get ~30.65 meters and ~85.33 tonnes for the 235 cm femur, and ~32.6 meters and ~102.73 tonnes for the 250 cm femur. Based on a 26 meter, 48.45 tonne, 190 cm femur Dreadnoughtus (Lacovara 2014, SVPOW and SpinoInWonderland, note that this is only one reconstruction and other estimates, such as Bates et al. 2015 will get differing results; I used the skeletal from Lacovara, which SVPOW GDI'd and got 57 cubic meters and thus 48.45 tonnes with the proper density of 0.85), I get ~32.15 meters and ~91.6 tonnes for the 235 cm femur, and ~34.2 meters and ~110.2 tonnes for the 250 cm femur. Based on an 8 meter, 2.5 tonne, 81.6 cm femur Saltasaurus (Paul 2010, Paul 2016), I get ~31 meters and ~67.5 tonnes for the 235 cm femur, and ~32.97 meters and ~81.26 tonnes for the 250 cm femur, with the larger neck and tail that Antarctosaurus giganteus would have factored in (I used the proportions of this Saltasaurus GDI* and the proportions of this Patagotitan GDI to calculate the percent of mass and length increase; when scaling the Saltasaurus up with no changes whatsoever assumed, it would be ~23 meters and ~59.4 tonnes for the 235 cm femur, and ~24.5 meters and ~71.89 tonnes for the 250 cm femur). Based on a 31 meter, 60 tonne, 207 cm femur Ruyangosaurus (Sassani and Bivens 2017, Paleo King), I get ~35.19 meters and ~87.8 tonnes for the 235 cm femur, and ~37.43 meters and ~105.7 tonnes for the 250 cm femur. Based on a 30-33 meter, 53-69 tonne, 236 cm femur Patagotitan (Carballido 2017, randomdinos), I get approximately the same for the 235 cm femur, and ~31.91-35.1 meters and ~63.81-83 tonnes for the 250 cm femur. Based on a 16 meter, 15 tonne, 135 cm femur Diamantinasaurus (Hocknull 2009, Poropat 2014), I get ~27.85 meters and ~79.12 tonnes for the 235 cm femur, and ~28.84 meters and ~95.25 tonnes for the 250 cm femur. Based on an 8.73 meter, 1.92 tonne, 70 cm femur Paludititan (Megalotitan), I get ~29.3 meters and ~72.64 tonnes for the 235 cm femur, and ~31.17 meters and ~87.46 tonnes for the 250 cm femur . Based on a 15 meter, 10.5 tonne, 130 cm femur Opisthocoelicaudia (Seebacher 2001 and Scott Hartman), I get ~27.11 meters and ~62 tonnes for the 235 cm femur, and ~28.85 meters and ~74.67 tonnes for the 250 cm femur. Resulting masses and lengths: The estimated masses range from ~53 tonnes to ~91.6 tonnes for the 235 cm femur, with a mean of ~75.76 tonnes, and from ~63.81 to ~110.2 tonnes for the 250 cm femur, with a mean of ~91.22 tonnes - these are very comparable to the masses that several publications have obtained, such as van Valen 1969 (80 tonnes), Mazzetta 2004 (69 tonnes), and Paul 1994 (80-100 tonnes). The estimated lengths range from ~27.11 to ~35.19 meters for the 235 cm femur with a mean of ~31 meters, and from ~28.85 to ~37.43 meters for the 250 cm femur, with a mean of ~33 meters - both are fairly similar to what some of the aforementioned publications such as van Valen 1969 (30 meters) and Paul 1994 (30-35 meters) have obtained. I personally think something roughly in the size range of ~30-35 meters and ~80-100 tonnes (most similar to Paul, 1994) is most likely for both specimens since it's from very close relatives (such as Antarctosaurus wichmannianus and Antarctosaurus brasiliensis), but any of these are on the table. References: Mazzetta, G.V.; Christiansen, P.; Fariña, R.A. (2004). "Giants and Bizarres: Body Size of Some Southern South American Cretaceous Dinosaurs" G.S. Paul, 1994, "Big sauropods — really, really big sauropods", The Dinosaur Report, The Dinosaur Society von Huene, F. 1929. Los saurisquios y ornitisquios del Cretacéo Argentino. Anales del Museo de La Plata (series 3) 3: 1–196. Poropat, S.F.; Upchurch, P.; Mannion, P.D.; Hocknull, S.A.; Kear, B.P.; Sloan, T.; Sinapius, G.H.K.; Elliot, D.A. (2014). "Revision of the sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae Hocknull et al. 2009 from the mid-Cretaceous of Australia: Implications for Gondwanan titanosauriform dispersal" Lacovara, Kenneth J.; Ibiricu, L. M.; Lamanna, M. C.; Poole, J. C.; Schroeter, E. R.; Ullmann, P. V.; Voegele, K. K.; Boles, Z. M.; Egerton, V. M.; Harris, J. D.; Martínez, R. D.; Novas, F. E. (September 4, 2014). "A Gigantic, Exceptionally Complete Titanosaurian Sauropod Dinosaur from Southern Patagonia, Argentina" González Riga, Bernardo J.; Lamanna, Matthew C.; Ortiz David, Leonardo D.; Calvo, Jorge O.; Coria, Juan P. (2016). "A gigantic new dinosaur from Argentina and the evolution of the sauropod hind foot" Carballido, J.L.; Pol, D.; Otero, A.; Cerda, I.A.; Salgado, L.; Garrido, A.C.; Ramezani, J.; Cúneo, N.R.; Krause, J.M. (2017). "A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs" Gonzalez Riga, B.J.; Mannion, P.D.; Poropat, S.F.; Ortiz David, L.; Coria, J.P. (2018). "Osteology of the Late Cretaceous Argentinean sauropod dinosaur Mendozasaurus neguyelap: implications for basal titanosaur relationships" Mannion, P.D.; Upchurch, P.; Jin, X.; Zheng, W. (2019). "New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography" González Riga, Bernardo J.; Lamanna, Matthew C.; Otero, Alejandro; Ortiz David, Leonardo D.; Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Ibiricu, Lucio M. (2019). "An overview of the appendicular skeletal anatomy of South American titanosaurian sauropods, with definition of a newly recognized clade" Apesteguía, S. 2004. Bonitasaura salgadoi gen. et sp. nov.: a beaked sauropod from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Paul, G.S. 2010. The Princeton field guide to dinosaurs. Princeton University Press, Princeton. Paul, G.S. 2016. The Princeton field guide to dinosaurs. 2nd Ed.. Princeton University Press, Princeton. www.deviantart.com/getawaytrike/art/La-Bonita-614216886 www.deviantart.com/randomdinos/art/Argentinosaurus-huinculensis-schematic-709919163 www.deviantart.com/paleo-king/art/Argentinosaurus-huinculensis-Mk-II-708506050 Benson, R. B. J.; Campione, N. S. E.; Carrano, M. T.; Mannion, P. D.; Sullivan, C.; Upchurch, P.; Evans, D. C. (2014). "Rates of Dinosaur Body Mass Evolution Indicate 170 Million Years of Sustained Ecological Innovation on the Avian Stem Lineage" Calvo, J.O., Porfiri, J.D., González-Riga, B.J., and Kellner, A.W. (2007) "A new Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem from Gondwana with the description of a new sauropod dinosaur" Calvo, J.O.; Juárez Valieri, R.D. & Porfiri, J.D. 2008. Re-sizing giants: estimation of body length of Futalognkosaurus dukei and implications for giant titanosaurian sauropods." www.deviantart.com/paleo-king/art/Futalognkosaurus-dukei-Mk-IX-694212525 www.deviantart.com/paleo-king/art/Futalognkosaurus-dukei-Mk-X-Calvo-edition-696697321 www.deviantart.com/ornithopsis/art/Antarctosaurus-wichmannianus-716495860 www.museocivico.rovereto.tn.it/UploadDocs/3325_Arid_Vizotto_1971.pdf www.deviantart.com/randomdinos/art/Sauropodomorphs-of-Brazil-692949806 svpow.com/ www.deviantart.com/spinoinwonderland/art/Dreadnoughtus-schrani-skeletal-reconstruction-515239568 Sassani N, Bivens G.T. (2017) The Chinese colossus: an evaluation of the phylogeny of Ruyangosaurus giganteus and its implications for titanosaur evolution www.deviantart.com/paleo-king/art/Ruyangosaurus-giganteus-Mk-II-712420775 www.deviantart.com/randomdinos/art/Patagotitan-mayorum-skeletal-reconstruction-762150985 Hocknull, Scott A.; White, Matt A.; Tischler, Travis R.; Cook, Alex G.; Calleja, Naomi D.; Sloan, Trish; Elliott, David A. (2009). Sereno, Paul (ed.). "New Mid-Cretaceous (Latest Albian) Dinosaurs from Winton, Queensland, Australia" www.deviantart.com/megalotitan/art/Paludititan-MK-III-745180274 Seebacher, F. 2001. A new method to calculate allometric length-mass relationships of dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21 www.deviantart.com/scotthartman/art/Opisthocoelicaudia-750970320 van Valen, Leigh (1969-08-29). "What Was the Largest Dinosaur?" *Yes, I know that GDI says Saltasaurus is 8.55 meters and 1.9 tonnes instead of 8 meters and 2.5 tonnes. That's because it is not Greg Paul's, but I couldn't find a GDI table for Paul's and the proportions between the stand-in vs what I'm using as a base should be similar enough.
I think it's also worth noting that Brachiosaurus can reach pretty good sizes as well.
The holotype FMNH P 25107 is about 23.8 meters TL and 45.4 tonnes going by this GDI (link) by SpinoInWonderland, when applying a density of 0.9 overall (following Larramendi and Molina 2020) as well as 5% extra meat to the dorsal view, which seems slightly shrinkwrapped. And it's not the biggest specimen - USNM 21903 would be larger going by this chart (link) by Bricksmashtv. I measured it as about 13.88 percent larger than the holotype. So based on an isometric scaling (45.4 x 1.1388^3) as well as neck allometry applied following Parrish and Taylor 2006, that would be about 30.8 meters and 69.5 tonnes. That's about as large as Argentinosaurus, who is in the region of 65-75 tonnes.  (06-14-2015, 09:57 PM)sanjay Wrote: I made this thread to get information about big dinosaurs that walked on earth. So Lets discuss and debate about them.This might be like "not dinosaur" but there are animal that are larger than dinosaurs which is Megalodon. Megalodon was also far bigger than the great white shark, which would only be around half of Megalodon's size. Megalodon has also been found to be far larger than the gigantic theropod dinosaurs such as Spinosaurus, T-Rex, as well as the large ocean going marine reptiles such as Basilosaurus, and Tylosaurus. 
" The illustration above compares the size of Dreadnoughtus to other large sauropods. ?
Dreadnoughtus is a genus of giant titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur containing a single species, Dreadnoughtus schrani. D. schrani is known from two partial skeletons discovered in Upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian; 84–66 Ma) rocks of the Cerro Fortaleza Formation in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. It is one of the largest of all known terrestrial vertebrates, possessing the greatest mass of any land animal that can be calculated with reasonable certainty. D. schrani is known from a more complete skeleton than any other gigantic titanosaurian. Estimates based on measurements of the known parts of the skeleton suggest that the only known individual of Dreadnoughtus schrani was approximately 26 metres (85 ft) long and stood about 2 stories tall. At 1.74 m, its scapula is longer than any other known titanosaur shoulder blade. Its ilium, the top bone of the pelvis, is also larger than any other, measuring 1.31 m in length. The forearm is longer than any previously known from a titanosaur, and it is only shorter than the long forearms of brachiosaurids, which had a more inclined body posture. Only Paralititan preserves a longer humerus (upper arm bone). " 
Dreadnoughtus is the heaviest dinosaur
Sauroposeidon is the tallest dinosaur Paralititan Argentinosaurus titanosaurus are known to be the biggest dinosaurs.
"I think it's also worth noting that Brachiosaurus can reach pretty good sizes as well.The holotype FMNH P 25107 is about 23.8 meters TL and 45.4 tonnes going by this GDI (link) by SpinoInWonderland, when applying a density of 0.9 overall (following Larramendi and Molina 2020) as well as 5% extra meat to the dorsal view, which seems slightly shrinkwrapped ."
USNM 21903 humerus is actually 3 cm shorter than Type humerus
Not the biggest one, but the longest dinosaur ? Probably...
" Barosaurus was a massive sauropod dinosaur and possibly the longest one known to science. While thought to be about as large as its close relative Diplodocus, it was previously only known from immature specimens, and a massive Barosaurus cervical vertebra suggests a length of 45 meters and a weight of about 60 tons. Barosaurus lived in the North American Morrison Formation during the Late Jurassic period, the same time and place as about half of the stock dinosaurs most people are familiar with. 00:00 - Introduction 00:47 - Location 01:22 - Discovery 01:49 - Classification 02:18 - Anatomy 03:06 - Size 06:36 - Diet 08:02 - Gordo The Lost Barosaurus Skeleton 09:33 - Conclusion 09:49 - Outro "
Barosaurus should actually be larger than just an upscaled Diplodocus.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication...plodocines
Maybe you should read this new paper about large sauropods:
Body mass estimate of Bruhathkayosaurus and other fragmentary sauropod remains suggest the largest land animals were about as big as the greatest whales. GREGORY S. PAUL AND ASIER LARRAMENDI - 2023. https://www.idunn.no/doi/10.18261/let.56...5Gg4V89gbs
More and more bigger. Did any sauropods competed with the actual blue whale in term of weight ? Despite the fact they lived on the dry land ? It seems yes... But all the evalutions are made from a single tibia.
|
| Users browsing this thread: |
| 4 Guest(s) |