Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta)

[Spalea]

Jens Cullmann: " Maybe a bit to ambitious for carrying it away ...! "

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[scilover]

(03-11-2020, 08:03 PM)bigcatlover Wrote:

Intraspecific fight

This was quite brutal! I had no idea hyenas could do such a thing in a fight. Thanks for sharing this! Reply

[Pckts]

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[Spalea]

Zhayynn James: " A hyena looks back in the rain, scanning the horizon, keeping an eye out for other members of its pack, or perhaps checking if there are lions in the vicinity. Hyenas are often loathed, but they have a complex social structure with strong family bonds, just like lions. Until recently it wasn’t know that hyenas are apex predators in their own right and that often, lions will actually steal kills away from hyenas! Yet people love lions and loathe hyenas. "

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[Pckts]

Hyena vs Wild Dogs

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[Sully]

Innovative problem‑solving in wild hyenas is reliable across time and contexts

Lily Johnson‑Ulrich1,2*, Kay E. Holekamp1,2 & David Z. Hambrick3

Abstract:

Individual differences in behavior are the raw material upon which natural selection acts, but despite increasing recognition of the value of considering individual differences in the behavior of wild animals to test evolutionary hypotheses, this approach has only recently become popular for testing cognitive abilities. In order for the intraspecific approach with wild animals to be useful for testing evolutionary hypotheses about cognition, researchers must provide evidence that measures of cognitive ability obtained from wild subjects reflect stable, general traits. Here, we used a multi-access box paradigm to investigate the intra‑individual reliability of innovative problem‑solving ability across time and contexts in wild spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). We also asked whether estimates of reliability were affected by factors such as age-sex class, the length of the interval between tests, or the number of times subjects were tested. We found significant contextual and temporal reliability for problem-solving. However, problem-solving was not reliable for adult subjects, when trials were separated by more than 17 days, or when fewer than seven trials were conducted per subject. In general, the estimates of reliability for problem‑solving were comparable to estimates from the literature for other animal behaviors, which suggests that problem-solving is a stable, general trait in wild spotted hyenas. Reply

[Spalea]

Paultje: "Cubs and parents. "

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[Spalea]

Nelis Wolmarans: " The “underdog”... I really enjoy hyenas and have tremendous respect for these often misunderstood predators... "

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[Spalea]

Jens Cullmann: " Grandma, why do you have so big teeth? ... and grandma, why do you have such a big nose?  ... and so big ears ...
(a spotted hyena with the scraps of a zebra) "

Yes, not an easy task to eat the last flesh shreds on the bones when you have nor arms neither fingers... Only yours paws and teeth. Reply

[Dark Jaguar]

Hyena from Botswana.

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/575897871078501729/

*This image is copyright of its original author

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[RookiePundit]

WildEarth managed to finally get more than just a glimpse of the newest addition to the local clan in Djuma.

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[Sully]

Early‐life relationships matter: Social position during early life predicts fitness among female spotted hyenas

Abstract

1. How social development in early‐life affects fitness remains poorly understood.
2. Though there is growing evidence that early‐life relationships can affect fitness, little research has investigated how social positions develop or whether there are particularly important periods for social position development in an animal's life history. In long‐lived species in particular, understanding the lasting consequences of early‐life social environments requires detailed, long‐term datasets.
3. Here we used a 25‐year dataset to test whether social positions held during early development predicted adult fitness. Specifically, we quantified social position using three social network metrics: degree, strength and betweenness. We determined the social position of each individual in three types of networks during each of three stages of ontogeny to test whether they predict annual reproductive success (ARS) or longevity among adult female spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta.
4. The social positions occupied by juvenile hyenas did predict their fitness, but the effects of social position on fitness measures differed between stages of early development. Network metrics when individuals were young adults better predicted ARS, but network metrics for younger animals, particularly when youngsters were confined to the communal den, better predicted longevity than did metrics assessed during other stages of development.
5. Our study shows how multiple types of social bonds formed during multiple stages of social development predict lifetime fitness outcomes. We suggest that social bonds formed during specific phases of development may be more important than others when considering fitness outcomes.
   

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[OrcaDaBest]

The Weight of the Spotted Hyena (Crocuta Crocuta)

1) Whateley (1980): South African Spotted Hyena - 70.0kg for 12 females; 66.6kg for 11 males
2) Smithers (2013): Transvaal/Zimbabwe Spotted Hyena - 64.8kg for 5 females
3) Kruuk (1972): Tanzanian Spotted Hyena - 55.3kg for 8 females; 48.7kg for 12 males
4) Skinner (1976): Transvaal Spotted Hyena - 61.1kg for 4 females; 56.2kg for 5 males
5) Neaves et al. (1980): Kenyan Spotted Hyena - 51.6kg for 5 females; 43.6kg for 5 males
6) Frank et al. (1986): Kenyan Spotted Hyena - 55.6kg for 18 females; 48.7kg for 25 males 
7) Henderson et al. (1984): (Unknown Location) - 44kg for 1 male
8) Meinertzhagen (1938): Kenyan Spotted Hyena - 66.9kg for 6 Male hyenas
9) Kruuk (2002): Mulanje Spotted Hyena - 74.5kg for 2 Females
10) East & Hofer (2013): Kruger Spotted Hyena - 68.2kg for 9 Female Hyenas; 62.5kg for 11 Males
11) Skead et al. (2007): South African Spotted Hyena - 63.4kg for 1 male 

Total Average: 61.4kg for females (n=63) and 54.9kg for males (n=77).




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[Styx38]

Spotted Hyena predation in Ngorongoro Crater.

*This image is copyright of its original author

Höner, Oliver P., et al. "The response of spotted hyaenas to long‐term changes in prey populations: functional response and interspecific kleptoparasitism." Journal of Animal Ecology 71.2 (2002): 236-246.


Of course, while the most killed animals were adult Wildebeest in both periods, they were the most abundant prey item. Reply

[Styx38]

Hyenas also favored large domestic animal adults, like Cattle and Donkey in Zimbabwe.

"Hyaenas showed strongest selection for donkeys in all sites, while avoiding goats in Tsholotsho and Mvuthu-Shana, but showing weak selection for goats in Mabale. Hyaenas avoided attacking cattle in Mabale and Mvuthu-Shana, but showed some selection for cattle in Tsholotsho. As with lions, most hyaena kills (59.7%) were adult cattle and donkeys."

*This image is copyright of its original author

source: Loveridge, Andrew J., et al. "Bells, bomas and beefsteak: Complex patterns of human-predator conflict at the wildlife-agropastoral interface in Zimbabwe." PeerJ 5 (2017): e2898.





Hyenas killed less adult Cattle than Lions in Tsavo National Park, but still more than Cheetahs.

*This image is copyright of its original author

Patterson, Bruce D., et al. "Livestock predation by lions (Panthera leo) and other carnivores on ranches neighboring Tsavo National Parks, Kenya." Biological conservation 119.4 (2004): 507-516. Reply