There is a world somewhere between reality and fiction. Although ignored by many, it is very real and so are those living in it. This forum is about the natural world. Here, wild animals will be heard and respected. The forum offers a glimpse into an unknown world as well as a room with a view on the present and the future. Anyone able to speak on behalf of those living in the emerald forest and the deep blue sea is invited to join.
07-17-2020, 09:58 PM( This post was last modified: 07-17-2020, 10:07 PM by BorneanTiger )
If I mentioned that a newspaper said that some cheetahs were seen chasing lionesses, you would question the authenticity of the report, right? Well, it was captured on camera, the skinniest big cat chasing females of a more robust species:
" Lion prides and hyenas clans are in constant battle. A numbers game, with hyenas outnumbering lion prides, they often defeat lion prides and steal their kill. But it only happens with no pride males is around. "
SabiSabiReserve:" We were witness to a titanic battle this morning (31 March 2017) as the Southern Pride, led by Floppy Ear/Mandleve, attacked a hyena who was disturbing them feeding on their waterbuck kill. Floppy Ear had the upper hand for approximately 10 minutes but the hyena kept calling its clan who came to its rescue which resulted in the hyena running off! "
Pride of lionesses is feasting. Numerous henas are coming in. The felids keep their kill. " Lion and Hyena fight over kill in the Mara in Kenya June 2018. Unbelievable footage of cheeky hyena pulling lion tail and lion reaction. "
Yes shadow boar are very dangerous. I was 11 miles out from the city and I was running 6 miles that day and I ran into a female feral hog with 3 babies right by her in the crops luckily she was 50 yards away and my height and appearance scared her but I could not imagine what a boar would look like.
07-30-2020, 05:33 PM( This post was last modified: 07-30-2020, 10:22 PM by Shadow )
This is one interesting study concerning leopards and lions. While leopard distribution and abundance weren´t affected by lions (at least not much), lions still killed almost 1/4 (23%) of adult leopards and over 1/5 (22%) of leopard cubs. Study area was Sabi Sands game reserve, South Africa. Demographic data concerning leopards was from 1975 to 2015.
It´s quite interesting study to read. One interesting part was, that leopards killed only 3% of lion cubs (I had thought, that it would be a bit more) and oldest lion killed by a leopard was only 7 months old cub. Worst enemy of a lion cub was another lion, lions were responsible of almost 70% of lion cub mortality themselves. What comes to adult lions, lions were responsible over 70% of adult lion mortality. So worst enemy of a lion is another lion, no matter if cub, juvenile or adult.
When looking at adult leopards, worst "enemy" of a leopard is "natural causes" (diseases, starving), then come lions and another leopard is on the third place with human caused mortality. With cubs another leopard takes the first place by approximately 50% of known cases, then come lions. And almost even with lions are combined all other species killing leopard cubs, when leopards and lions are excluded.
Mean age of lions killed by leopards was 0,22 years (range 0,08-0,58 years). Mean age of leopards killed by lions was 2,71 years (range 0,08-16,59 years).
Photos of a lioness killing a 3 years old male leopard:
*This image is copyright of its original author
An adult lioness attacks and kills a 3-year-old male leopard in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa (photo credit: Liam Rainier).
*This image is copyright of its original author
Known causes of mortality for juvenile (<2 years) and independent (≥2 years) lions and leopards in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa, from 1975 to 2015. Sample sizes are presented in parentheses. “Interspecific—other” includes animals killed by species other than lions or leopards, usually by other predators (e.g., spotted hyaenas, Nile crocodiles) or prey (e.g., buffalos, chacma baboons). “Malnutrition/disease” includes lions and leopards that were malnourished and disappeared soon after (normally old individuals (i.e., ≥16 years) or juveniles that were orphaned), as well as individuals that were known to die from disease (e.g., sarcoptic mange). “Other” includes natural causes of mortality such as drowning and fire. “Anthropogenic” includes lions and leopards killed by people, typically when they ranged beyond the reserve into surrounding communities.
Quote:"Intraguild killing
We ascertained cause of death for 52% of lion mortalities (n = 333) and 45% of leopard mortalities (n = 433) (Figure 4). Conspecifics were responsible for the greatest percentage (lion: 69%; leopard: 40%) of known-cause mortality for both species. Leopards accounted for 3% of known-cause juvenile lion deaths (n = 121); leopards were not recorded killing lions older than 7 months. Lions accounted for 22% of known-cause leopard cub deaths (n = 152) and 23% of independent (≥2 years old) leopard deaths (n = 44). The mean age of lions killed by leopards was 0.22 ± 0.12 years (range = 0.08–0.58 years), while the mean age of leopards killed by lions was 2.71 ± 0.75 years (range = 0.08–16.59 years)."
(07-30-2020, 05:33 PM)Shadow Wrote: This is one interesting study concerning leopards and lions. While leopard distribution and abundance weren´t affected by lions (at least not much), lions still killed almost 1/4 (23%) of adult leopards and over 1/5 (22%) of leopard cubs. Study area was Sabi Sands game reserve, South Africa. Demographic data concerning leopards was from 1975 to 2015.
It´s quite interesting study to read. One interesting part was, that leopards killed only 3% of lion cubs (I had thought, that it would be a bit more) and oldest lion killed by a leopard was only 7 months old cub. Worst enemy of a lion cub was another lion, lions were responsible of almost 70% of lion cub mortality themselves. What comes to adult lions, lions were responsible over 70% of adult lion mortality. So worst enemy of a lion is another lion, no matter if cub, juvenile or adult.
When looking at adult leopards, worst "enemy" of a leopard is "natural causes" (diseases, starving), then come lions and another leopard is on the third place with human caused mortality. With cubs another leopard takes the first place by approximately 50% of known cases, then come lions. And almost even with lions are combined all other species killing leopard cubs, when leopards and lions are excluded.
Mean age of lions killed by leopards was 0,22 years (range 0,08-0,58 years). Mean age of leopards killed by lions was 2,71 years (range 0,08-16,59 years).
Photos of a lioness killing a 3 years old male leopard:
*This image is copyright of its original author
An adult lioness attacks and kills a 3-year-old male leopard in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa (photo credit: Liam Rainier).
*This image is copyright of its original author
Known causes of mortality for juvenile (<2 years) and independent (≥2 years) lions and leopards in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa, from 1975 to 2015. Sample sizes are presented in parentheses. “Interspecific—other” includes animals killed by species other than lions or leopards, usually by other predators (e.g., spotted hyaenas, Nile crocodiles) or prey (e.g., buffalos, chacma baboons). “Malnutrition/disease” includes lions and leopards that were malnourished and disappeared soon after (normally old individuals (i.e., ≥16 years) or juveniles that were orphaned), as well as individuals that were known to die from disease (e.g., sarcoptic mange). “Other” includes natural causes of mortality such as drowning and fire. “Anthropogenic” includes lions and leopards killed by people, typically when they ranged beyond the reserve into surrounding communities.
Quote:"Intraguild killing
We ascertained cause of death for 52% of lion mortalities (n = 333) and 45% of leopard mortalities (n = 433) (Figure 4). Conspecifics were responsible for the greatest percentage (lion: 69%; leopard: 40%) of known-cause mortality for both species. Leopards accounted for 3% of known-cause juvenile lion deaths (n = 121); leopards were not recorded killing lions older than 7 months. Lions accounted for 22% of known-cause leopard cub deaths (n = 152) and 23% of independent (≥2 years old) leopard deaths (n = 44). The mean age of lions killed by leopards was 0.22 ± 0.12 years (range = 0.08–0.58 years), while the mean age of leopards killed by lions was 2.71 ± 0.75 years (range = 0.08–16.59 years)."
One interesting thing, when looking at those photos of lioness killing male leopard. It looks like, that it might know exactly what she is doing when going to bite backside of the leopard. After all one good bite to the spine and game over for leopard. Sometimes when there are many lionesses it looks like a mess, no-one really going for it. Maybe focusing to opponent and other lions same time, this lioness in photos seems to be determined and making a perfect attack. Maybe it was prolonged fight, there is nothing more in the study so impossible to know. Anyway that kind of bite can end the fight just like that.
(07-30-2020, 05:33 PM)Shadow Wrote: This is one interesting study concerning leopards and lions. While leopard distribution and abundance weren´t affected by lions (at least not much), lions still killed almost 1/4 (23%) of adult leopards and over 1/5 (22%) of leopard cubs. Study area was Sabi Sands game reserve, South Africa. Demographic data concerning leopards was from 1975 to 2015.
It´s quite interesting study to read. One interesting part was, that leopards killed only 3% of lion cubs (I had thought, that it would be a bit more) and oldest lion killed by a leopard was only 7 months old cub. Worst enemy of a lion cub was another lion, lions were responsible of almost 70% of lion cub mortality themselves. What comes to adult lions, lions were responsible over 70% of adult lion mortality. So worst enemy of a lion is another lion, no matter if cub, juvenile or adult.
When looking at adult leopards, worst "enemy" of a leopard is "natural causes" (diseases, starving), then come lions and another leopard is on the third place with human caused mortality. With cubs another leopard takes the first place by approximately 50% of known cases, then come lions. And almost even with lions are combined all other species killing leopard cubs, when leopards and lions are excluded.
Mean age of lions killed by leopards was 0,22 years (range 0,08-0,58 years). Mean age of leopards killed by lions was 2,71 years (range 0,08-16,59 years).
Photos of a lioness killing a 3 years old male leopard:
*This image is copyright of its original author
An adult lioness attacks and kills a 3-year-old male leopard in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa (photo credit: Liam Rainier).
*This image is copyright of its original author
Known causes of mortality for juvenile (<2 years) and independent (≥2 years) lions and leopards in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa, from 1975 to 2015. Sample sizes are presented in parentheses. “Interspecific—other” includes animals killed by species other than lions or leopards, usually by other predators (e.g., spotted hyaenas, Nile crocodiles) or prey (e.g., buffalos, chacma baboons). “Malnutrition/disease” includes lions and leopards that were malnourished and disappeared soon after (normally old individuals (i.e., ≥16 years) or juveniles that were orphaned), as well as individuals that were known to die from disease (e.g., sarcoptic mange). “Other” includes natural causes of mortality such as drowning and fire. “Anthropogenic” includes lions and leopards killed by people, typically when they ranged beyond the reserve into surrounding communities.
Quote:"Intraguild killing
We ascertained cause of death for 52% of lion mortalities (n = 333) and 45% of leopard mortalities (n = 433) (Figure 4). Conspecifics were responsible for the greatest percentage (lion: 69%; leopard: 40%) of known-cause mortality for both species. Leopards accounted for 3% of known-cause juvenile lion deaths (n = 121); leopards were not recorded killing lions older than 7 months. Lions accounted for 22% of known-cause leopard cub deaths (n = 152) and 23% of independent (≥2 years old) leopard deaths (n = 44). The mean age of lions killed by leopards was 0.22 ± 0.12 years (range = 0.08–0.58 years), while the mean age of leopards killed by lions was 2.71 ± 0.75 years (range = 0.08–16.59 years)."
One interesting thing, when looking at those photos of lioness killing male leopard. It looks like, that it might know exactly what she is doing when going to bite backside of the leopard. After all one good bite to the spine and game over for leopard. Sometimes when there are many lionesses it looks like a mess, no-one really going for it. Maybe focusing to opponent and other lions same time, this lioness in photos seems to be determined and making a perfect attack. Maybe it was prolonged fight, there is nothing more in the study so impossible to know. Anyway that kind of bite can end the fight just like that.
actually this young male leopard was attacked by the pride,the rest aren't in the photo the full set was posted here before if i recall,a male was present too.
08-30-2020, 02:55 AM( This post was last modified: 08-30-2020, 02:56 AM by Luipaard )
(08-29-2020, 10:06 PM)Shadow Wrote:
(07-30-2020, 05:33 PM)Shadow Wrote: This is one interesting study concerning leopards and lions. While leopard distribution and abundance weren´t affected by lions (at least not much), lions still killed almost 1/4 (23%) of adult leopards and over 1/5 (22%) of leopard cubs. Study area was Sabi Sands game reserve, South Africa. Demographic data concerning leopards was from 1975 to 2015.
It´s quite interesting study to read. One interesting part was, that leopards killed only 3% of lion cubs (I had thought, that it would be a bit more) and oldest lion killed by a leopard was only 7 months old cub. Worst enemy of a lion cub was another lion, lions were responsible of almost 70% of lion cub mortality themselves. What comes to adult lions, lions were responsible over 70% of adult lion mortality. So worst enemy of a lion is another lion, no matter if cub, juvenile or adult.
When looking at adult leopards, worst "enemy" of a leopard is "natural causes" (diseases, starving), then come lions and another leopard is on the third place with human caused mortality. With cubs another leopard takes the first place by approximately 50% of known cases, then come lions. And almost even with lions are combined all other species killing leopard cubs, when leopards and lions are excluded.
Mean age of lions killed by leopards was 0,22 years (range 0,08-0,58 years). Mean age of leopards killed by lions was 2,71 years (range 0,08-16,59 years).
Photos of a lioness killing a 3 years old male leopard:
*This image is copyright of its original author
An adult lioness attacks and kills a 3-year-old male leopard in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa (photo credit: Liam Rainier).
*This image is copyright of its original author
Known causes of mortality for juvenile (<2 years) and independent (≥2 years) lions and leopards in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa, from 1975 to 2015. Sample sizes are presented in parentheses. “Interspecific—other” includes animals killed by species other than lions or leopards, usually by other predators (e.g., spotted hyaenas, Nile crocodiles) or prey (e.g., buffalos, chacma baboons). “Malnutrition/disease” includes lions and leopards that were malnourished and disappeared soon after (normally old individuals (i.e., ≥16 years) or juveniles that were orphaned), as well as individuals that were known to die from disease (e.g., sarcoptic mange). “Other” includes natural causes of mortality such as drowning and fire. “Anthropogenic” includes lions and leopards killed by people, typically when they ranged beyond the reserve into surrounding communities.
Quote:"Intraguild killing
We ascertained cause of death for 52% of lion mortalities (n = 333) and 45% of leopard mortalities (n = 433) (Figure 4). Conspecifics were responsible for the greatest percentage (lion: 69%; leopard: 40%) of known-cause mortality for both species. Leopards accounted for 3% of known-cause juvenile lion deaths (n = 121); leopards were not recorded killing lions older than 7 months. Lions accounted for 22% of known-cause leopard cub deaths (n = 152) and 23% of independent (≥2 years old) leopard deaths (n = 44). The mean age of lions killed by leopards was 0.22 ± 0.12 years (range = 0.08–0.58 years), while the mean age of leopards killed by lions was 2.71 ± 0.75 years (range = 0.08–16.59 years)."
One interesting thing, when looking at those photos of lioness killing male leopard. It looks like, that it might know exactly what she is doing when going to bite backside of the leopard. After all one good bite to the spine and game over for leopard. Sometimes when there are many lionesses it looks like a mess, no-one really going for it. Maybe focusing to opponent and other lions same time, this lioness in photos seems to be determined and making a perfect attack. Maybe it was prolonged fight, there is nothing more in the study so impossible to know. Anyway that kind of bite can end the fight just like that.
Here's the account:
"A territorial dispute between two up-an-coming young male leopards turned into a horrifying event for one of them as their growls and intimidation calls to one another attracted a pride of lions close by, the Styx pride. Obviously so fixated on each other they hadn't noticed the lions approaching and for Wabayiza, the young male leopard, it was too late and before he managed to climb a nearby Marula tree the lions got hold of him. Typical of a lion mauling, they attacked his rear end and severely injured one of his hind legs. We arrived on the scene as the pride started circling the leopard for the second time, he tried his best to climb the tree but the strength in his back legs had been ripped away and he was unable to lift himself off the ground. They caught him again and despite a few hefty blows in a brave retaliation, the young male leopard was no match for six lions. After the second mauling the lions left, the leopard lay there, still alive and although he tried, he couldn't stand up. We left the scene with our hands shaking and feeling as if we were part of something horrific yet extremely unique."
..."The Styx pride was in the process of chasing the two leopards in different directions – Xivambalane had found a tree, and was safely ensconced up in the branches. But the young male leopard Wabayiza’s luck had just run out, there were no trees around… and the six lions closed in. The lions had already done some damage, he was unable to move and lay helplessly looking up at the lions. After a few minutes, the Styx put their heads down and decided to move on. This was not about feeding, this was about protecting their cubs. Spunky as always, Wabayiza saw a gap, and in a last supreme effort pulled his broken body up and made a dash for the closest trees. The mother of the cubs whipped around, raced at him and pounced, just as he tried to leap. When she was sure that Wabayiza would not more again, she slowly turned around and walked back to her cubs."
(07-30-2020, 05:33 PM)Shadow Wrote: This is one interesting study concerning leopards and lions. While leopard distribution and abundance weren´t affected by lions (at least not much), lions still killed almost 1/4 (23%) of adult leopards and over 1/5 (22%) of leopard cubs. Study area was Sabi Sands game reserve, South Africa. Demographic data concerning leopards was from 1975 to 2015.
It´s quite interesting study to read. One interesting part was, that leopards killed only 3% of lion cubs (I had thought, that it would be a bit more) and oldest lion killed by a leopard was only 7 months old cub. Worst enemy of a lion cub was another lion, lions were responsible of almost 70% of lion cub mortality themselves. What comes to adult lions, lions were responsible over 70% of adult lion mortality. So worst enemy of a lion is another lion, no matter if cub, juvenile or adult.
When looking at adult leopards, worst "enemy" of a leopard is "natural causes" (diseases, starving), then come lions and another leopard is on the third place with human caused mortality. With cubs another leopard takes the first place by approximately 50% of known cases, then come lions. And almost even with lions are combined all other species killing leopard cubs, when leopards and lions are excluded.
Mean age of lions killed by leopards was 0,22 years (range 0,08-0,58 years). Mean age of leopards killed by lions was 2,71 years (range 0,08-16,59 years).
Photos of a lioness killing a 3 years old male leopard:
*This image is copyright of its original author
An adult lioness attacks and kills a 3-year-old male leopard in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa (photo credit: Liam Rainier).
*This image is copyright of its original author
Known causes of mortality for juvenile (<2 years) and independent (≥2 years) lions and leopards in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa, from 1975 to 2015. Sample sizes are presented in parentheses. “Interspecific—other” includes animals killed by species other than lions or leopards, usually by other predators (e.g., spotted hyaenas, Nile crocodiles) or prey (e.g., buffalos, chacma baboons). “Malnutrition/disease” includes lions and leopards that were malnourished and disappeared soon after (normally old individuals (i.e., ≥16 years) or juveniles that were orphaned), as well as individuals that were known to die from disease (e.g., sarcoptic mange). “Other” includes natural causes of mortality such as drowning and fire. “Anthropogenic” includes lions and leopards killed by people, typically when they ranged beyond the reserve into surrounding communities.
Quote:"Intraguild killing
We ascertained cause of death for 52% of lion mortalities (n = 333) and 45% of leopard mortalities (n = 433) (Figure 4). Conspecifics were responsible for the greatest percentage (lion: 69%; leopard: 40%) of known-cause mortality for both species. Leopards accounted for 3% of known-cause juvenile lion deaths (n = 121); leopards were not recorded killing lions older than 7 months. Lions accounted for 22% of known-cause leopard cub deaths (n = 152) and 23% of independent (≥2 years old) leopard deaths (n = 44). The mean age of lions killed by leopards was 0.22 ± 0.12 years (range = 0.08–0.58 years), while the mean age of leopards killed by lions was 2.71 ± 0.75 years (range = 0.08–16.59 years)."
One interesting thing, when looking at those photos of lioness killing male leopard. It looks like, that it might know exactly what she is doing when going to bite backside of the leopard. After all one good bite to the spine and game over for leopard. Sometimes when there are many lionesses it looks like a mess, no-one really going for it. Maybe focusing to opponent and other lions same time, this lioness in photos seems to be determined and making a perfect attack. Maybe it was prolonged fight, there is nothing more in the study so impossible to know. Anyway that kind of bite can end the fight just like that.
actually this young male leopard was attacked by the pride,the rest aren't in the photo the full set was posted here before if i recall,a male was present too.
Yes, @Luipaard had more information. Anyway in those photos no other lionesses there stumbling all together same time, which sometimes works good and sometimes looks to lead to chaotic mess giving some chances to prey/opponent. I guess, that experience level of lions can have effect. But in these photos when lioness makes attack alone, it seems to know what to do, that kind of bite really can end a fight before it actually starts. Description of these events don´t give too accurate idea about it, that did this bite cripple the leopard right away or was it later. For sure lions can continue attacks even if first bite is lethal, if prey is still moving. When they go to some kind of "berserk mode" it´s quite nasty to watch.
Well, this was just one of many cases, the way the lioness attacked to rear was that interesting thing in this case for me to see, as observers say too, most probably no coincidence. Attack meant to do the job even if the leopard would be able to flee to the tree in some way. With broken leg or spine it´s just a matter of time.
Felids Interactions - Interspecific Conflicts
