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Jaguars of Brazil - Dynamics,Lifestyle,Datas,Studies,Reports
Jaguars of Brazil - Dynamics,Lifestyle,Datas,Studies,Reports
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Jaguars of Brazil - Dynamics,Lifestyle,Datas,Studies,Reports
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"Jaguar rescued from the fire
We knew it would be long before this would happen and that is was one of the resident female (F-4) of the @jaguarecologicalreserve. Two days ago there was a jaguar reported inside our neighbor (cousin of Eduardo) Tito’s tractor shed. This house hasn’t been inhabited in a few years but it was concerning for all on why she was there. As the fire were moving thought that area it made since she was only looking for refuge since her entire home was been burnt to the ground. Yesterday morning she showed up again but this time inside Sr. Tutu’s (Eduardo’s uncles) generator shed. This was even more concerning because people were staying in that house, firefighters and other volunteers. After receiving some photos we were able to ID her. And she’s one of the jaguars we been getting in our camera traps at the reserve for the past 3 years. Turns out her paws were badly burned. And specialist we called in to come rescue her. They ended up bringing her to Cuiaba to get treated at HOVET. We were told by the vet team that she is in very poor condition and her burns are serious. With severe burns on the pads of the paws it will take some time before she will be ready to go back to the wild. Other information we retained is that she is not pregnant or nursing, she is roughly 4 years old and weights 60kg/132lb. This jaguar is a resident of the Falcão Family land you can see Eduardo and his grandson there during the rescue. This is the fifth generation of “Pantaneiro” (people living in the pantanal). It’s very sweet to have been told they want to see this jaguar back in their land again. “The jaguar came to us asking for help, it had no where else to go”. These are people who have lost many dogs and cows to jaguars but can still see the ecological importance of this species. 5 generations later and they now work with jaguar ecotourism. Which has show them that a live jaguar is worth much more then a dead one. Please help our efforts in raising funds to help the Pantanal, it’s people and the animals that call it home." Poor thing was so scared. I'm hoping these fires don't cause irreversible damage in the Pantanal, the situation does appear really bad but if anyone is interested, you can donate through the link posted on their bio for relief. 
Siri young female vs Pecari.
onçafari ''Look what an incredible scene was recorded here at Caiman Ecological Refuge!. Siri, Tchura's daughter, trying to hunt down a White Lipped Pecari!. She is still a young girl and had some difficulties to face the White Lipped Pecari. Usually, White Lipped Pecari walk in groups of more than 50 individuals, but this one was alone and Siri decided to take a chance!. A record like this is not easy! ''
Young jaguar on an attempt to hunt a caiman going straight for the kill but it misses the target.
Nice try though.
"Video shared by the fire fighters form @ibamagov.
As they were assessing the situation of the fires inside the Enconto das Águas State Park they saw a female jaguar and two small cubs crossing the river! We are 100% sure which river channel they were flying over but it seems to be Corixo Negro. Females of that region: Águe Capi Patricia Medrosa Jaju We are praying for who ever it was, that she leads her cubs to a safe area away from the encroaching fires. ?????" (09-03-2020, 03:43 AM)Balam Wrote: "Video shared by the fire fighters form @ibamagov. Its really sad these fires in the Pantanal, the crap government overall don't care and what is more intriguing is that nobody knows the source of the fires whether it was by natural causes or caused by humans. I think the Onçafari captures could possibly be postponed due to the intense fires. But I'll get it if this happens of course. (09-03-2020, 03:56 AM)Dark Jaguar Wrote:(09-03-2020, 03:43 AM)Balam Wrote: "Video shared by the fire fighters form @ibamagov. The whole situation is very sad and upsetting, especially because it isn't getting the international attention it deserves as the world's largest wetland. I believe it's a mixture of human-induced fires to clear space for cattle ranching that got out of control due to drier conditions this summer thanks to climate change. I'm hoping this does not replicate on the Llanos at the end of the year when the drought there hits. This deserves as much attention as the Australian fires.
@peter @Balam @Pckts @Rage2277 @Lycaon @epaiva and others.
We all know wild jaguars attacks on humans under natural conditions are rare, but it happens. First of all read all the descriptions bellow before reading the Cases and Investigations. I thought alot before posting this because of the photos included on these cases of jaguar attacks on humans, you guys will need to have guts to click and see them. In Brazil there are more than 80 jaguar attacks to humans cases registered in the last 40 years. I got more cases of jaguar attacks on humans in Brazil but I am gonna share only these 3 so far. NOTE: There are some pictures of the accidents of case 2 and case 3 that are too graphic and I decided not to show them openly, so I am just gonna leave a link of the graphic photos under their descriptions, for those who got guts willing to see it just click on the link and it will appear for you, in case the graphic photos don't show let me know. NOTE: The word ''Índio'' is what we brazilians call the native tribe people in the forests and ''Indiano'' is what we call the people native from the country India, however in this study the native tribe people from the forests in english is used as ''Indian'' just like we brazilians call them. So in case you read ''Indian'' you already know its not someone from the country India. Its the native tribe people in Brazil. With that being said lets go to the cases. Research and investigation over jaguars behavior on 3 cases of jaguars attack on humans one of which ended up in death and the level of damage caused by the attacks. https://www.wemjournal.org/article/S1080...0044-5/pdf WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE,22,130–135 (2011) CASE REPORT Attacks by Jaguars (Panthera onca) on Humans in Central Brazil: Report of Three Cases, with Observation of a Death. Manoel Francisco Campos Neto, MD; Domingos Garrone Neto, MSc, PhD; Vidal Haddad Jr, MD, MSc, PhD From the Forensic Medicine Section – POLITEC – Cáceres, Mato Grosso State, Brazil (Dr Campos Neto); Post-Graduation in Zoology, Sacred Heart University, Bauru City, São Paulo State, Brazil (Dr Garrone Neto); Botucatu School of Medicine, UNESP, São Paulo, UnivEstadual Paulista and Vital Brazil Hospital, Butantan Institute, Post-Graduation in Zoology, Biosciences Institute, Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil (Dr Haddad). Conflicts between humans and big cats have been known for centuries throughout the world, but have intensified in recent decades. Recently, attacks by Panthera onca on humans in Brazil have been brought to the forefront through exposure in the press and because of the severity of the attacks. We report 3 cases of patients attacked by jaguars in provoked and predatory situations. Two patients survived the attacks and one died. Attack mechanisms and lesions in victims are discussed. The attacks demonstrate a real risk of accidents from jaguars in certain regions, such as the Pantanal and the Amazon. Key words: animal damage, attacks on human, large carnivores, wildlife, man-jaguar interaction Introduction Although conflicts between humans and big cats have been known for centuries throughout the world, they have become especially prevalent in areas where expansion of urban centers and agricultural frontiers has decreased the habitat size of these animals. Urban expansion, in addition to restricting and even preventing genetic diversity among remnant populations, reduces the availability of natural prey. Species are forced to hunt outside of their protected areas, which may result in unintended consequences for both man and animal. World wide, hundreds of deaths are caused by large cat attacks annually. In Tanzania, East Africa, it is estimated that over 1000 people have been attacked by lions (Panthera leo) in the last 20 years.4 Between 1984 and 2000, in the mangrove forests of eastern India and western Bangladesh, statistics show that at least 401 human deaths have occurred after attacks by Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris), an average of 24 deaths per year. In the Americas, the 2 species of big cats are the jaguar (Panthera onca) and the puma (Puma concolor). The jaguar is the third largest cat in the world, reaching more than 2.5 meters in length and 110 kg in weight (Figure 1). Its original distribution included all southern United States and Latin America, but today it is restricted to the Amazon rainforest, the Pantanal (a vast wetland situated on the border of Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia), and protected areas of the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil (Figure 1). The cougar, also known as the mountain lion, puma, or as the suçuarana in Brazilian Indian language (P. concolor), has a wider distribution and greater tolerance to the environmental changes occurring in different habitats, ranging from Canada to Patagônia. Both species have a history of attacking humans, although only negative interactions between P. concolor and humans have been reported in the medical literature,with 20 deaths and at least 82 nonfatal attacks occurringin the United States and Canada between 1890 and 2001. Recently, some attacks by P. onca on humans have occurred in Brazil and have been brought to the forefront through exposure in the press and because ofthe severity of the attacks. In this article, we report 3 P. onca attacks in humans in midwestern Brazil, in transition areas among 3 major South American ecosystems—the Cerrado (savannah-like regions), the Pantanal, and the Amazon region—highlighting the problem posed by environmental changeand changing human attitudes towards wildlife. Corresponding author: Vidal Haddad Jr, MD, PhD, Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Dermatologia, Caixa Postal 557, 18618-000Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil (e-mail:[email protected]). Figure 1. The jaguar (Panthera onca) is the third largest cat of the world and the most powerful predator in the Americas. Photographs: Vidal Haddad Jr and Domingos Garrone Neto. Map: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Brazil.  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author highlighting the problem posed by environmental change and changing human attitudes towards wildlife. Case Summaries CASE 1: In May 2007, a 40-year-old man Aweti Indian suffered a non fatal attack while traveling through the woods on the shores of Lake Ipawu in the Upper Xingu Indian Reserve. The victim was traveling to a cassava plantation early in the morning accompanied by 2 dogs. The dogs attacked a jaguar lurking just off the trail, about 300 m from the village. Initially, the jaguar avoided confrontation with the dogs but eventually attacked them after dropping from the tree where it had been cornered. Armed with a machete and a stick of wood, the victim tried to help the dogs by fighting the jaguar. He saw that his dogs had been killed and he tried to flee but he was bitten immediately on the left shoulder. The victim struck the animal in the head with the machete and the jaguar released its grip. When he struck more blows with the machete, the jaguar attacked from the front, scratching the victim deeply on the chest and left forearm. At that moment, another Indian and his dog came to the victim’s aid. The jaguar attacked and killed the third dog but the owner eventually drove the jaguar away and it disappeared into the woods. The victim was taken back to the village, where he was treated by the tribe’s shaman. The shaman applied herbal preparations to the injuries. He now only shows the scars of the scratches caused by the attack (Figure 2). (Figure 2). The attack in Case 1 was provoked by the victim’s dogs that hunted the jaguar. Brazilian Indians kill jaguars to demonstrate powerand prestige (see the necklace with the claws). Note the victim’s scars. Photographs: Domingos Garrone Neto.  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author CASE 2: Around 6 PM on July 14, 2010, a 17-year-old guy from Mateus Lemos (Minas Gerais State) was attacked while returning from a fishing trip in Caceres, Mato Grosso State, in North Pantanal. His companions reported that a jaguar jumped out of a ravine onto the boat and bit the victim on the right shoulder, tipping him into the water. Shortly after, the jaguar surfaced in the river with the victim’s head between its teeth. The boat skipper then smashed an iron pipe into the jaguar and the animal released the victim and escaped into the ravine. The first responder on scene applied compressive bandaging to the injuries of the scalp. En route to medical care they encountered another boat that had a doctor aboard; that doctor improved placement of the compressive bandages, established venous access, and administered intravenous saline solution, an antibiotic (cephalo-sporin), an anti-inflammatory and analgesics. He also recommended the administration of rabies and tetanus vaccinations. The victim was admitted to a hospital about 8 hours after the attack. Physical examination showed perforations from the jaguar’s fangs (marked in the fractured and extracted bone fragments of the skull) and facial, right arm, and right back scratches, as well as perforations to the victim’s body. He was diagnosed with cranial-encephalic trauma, with brain and bone tissue loss on the left side of the head (Figure 3). Surgeons removed bone fragments and devitalized brain tissue, repaired the dura mater, and sutured skin lesions with rigorous attention to hemostasis of affected vessels. The victim survived and currently has a memory deficit (traumatic amnesia and aphasia) and awaits further surgery for placement of a cranial acrylic prosthesis. Figure 3. This violent attack by a jaguar on a tourist could have killed the victim, who presented with severe lesions in the cephalic segment,with fractures and loss of cranium bone fragments and cerebral tissue (Case 2). This was classified as a predatory attack. Photographs: Manoel Francisco de Campos Neto. CLICK ON THE LINKS BELLOW TO SEE THE GRAPHIC PHOTOS OF FIGURE 3. https://i.imgur.com/y7hMBeL.png https://i.imgur.com/qPQT0pn.png https://i.imgur.com/XY0I8aI.png CASE 3: A 21 year-old fisherman from Cáceres (Mato Grosso State) was attacked in a remote area of Cáceres county. The attack occurred around 7: 30 PM on June 24, 2008, in a place known as “Pacu Gordo” on the banks of the Paraguay River near Taiamã Nature Reserve. It is an open site, measuring about 25 m wide and 10 m deep, surrounded by native vegetation with poor natural lighting, requiring the use of open fire and artificial lighting so that fishermen can spend the night. The victim was sleeping in a tent with the entrance closed. The animal entered the tent and inflicted bites to the posterior cervical region and head of the fisherman (bilaterally, with tissue and bone loss) as well as claw scratches and punctures, especially in the pectoral region and the back of the shoulders and limbs. Death was attributed to high cervical transection of the spinal cord. The body was dragged approximately 60 m into the woods and recovered by fishermen who responded to a radio warning from the victim’s father. The attack was classified as predatory. Necropsy, performed by one of the authors (MFCN), described the following: The body had comminuted fractures (several fragments) associated with traumatic dislocation of the cervical spine, with severe spinal cord injury, cerebro spinal fluid leakage, tissue loss, and multiple lesions from mixed action (perforations, cuts, and contusions) directed to the posterior regions of the cervical spine. There were significant vascular-nerve cervical lesions (arteries, veins, and nerves) and traumatic brain injury with fracture and tearing of part of the left hemicranium and perforations and scratches from claws on various parts of the body (Figure 4). Figure 4. A fatal predatory attack in which the victim was killed by bites to the posterior cervical region. There is extensive destruction of bones, muscular and cutaneous tissue, blood vessels and nerves. Photographs: Manoel Francisco de Campos Neto. CLICK ON THE LINKS BELLOW TO SEE THE GRAPHIC PHOTOS OF FIGURE 4. https://i.imgur.com/z1WZQTd.png https://i.imgur.com/LW5sk7D.png https://i.imgur.com/nXwaPcP.png DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS. The 3 attacks took place under different situations. In the first case, the jaguar was likely provoked after being cornered by the dogs. The outcome of this encounter did not result in the victim’s death probably because of his defensive reaction, striking the animal’s face, and the support from a passerby. The second and third attacks, however, could be considered predatory in nature. In Case 2 (non-fatal attack),the jaguar held the young man’s head with its fangs thereby restraining its prey in an unprovoked attack. The blows from an iron pipe forced the cat to abandon its prey and flee. A combination of factors contributed to the patient’s survival, despite the long interval between the attack and the medical treatment. These measures included field first aid measures to control the bleeding, intravenous medication administration, and a lack of major vessel involvement along with the protection given by the skull and subsequent efforts of the medical team headed up by a neurosurgeon. In Case 3, the situation was by definition a predatory attack, as the animal broke into the tent where the victim was sleeping, attacked the posterior cervical region and dragged the body into the woods. The locations of the bites, punctures, and scratches reinforce these observations (prey immobilization and restraint), adding a sequential character to the predation movements. The marks and trauma to the victim’s body suggested some characteristic features of jaguar attacks: the main injuries (possibly causing instantaneous death) were bites to the cervical spine with torn nerve, muscle, and cutaneous tissue, as well as cervical vertebrae fractures; the force of the bite and rotational movements to promote spine displacement is characteristic of prey kills by this species. Other lesions were the perforations caused by the claws when gripping the victim’s shoulders (indicating a strong compression into the ground at the time of restraint and feeding). There was also a skull fracture with tissue removal on the side of the head (mainly the left side), associated with the beginning of feeding, and multiple scratch marks on the upper chest (anterior, near the neck and back) and on proximal portions of the upper limb—suggesting position changes by the predator in moving the victim and starting to feed. These attacks, although different in motivation, demonstrate that the risk of accidents from jaguars (P. onca) is real in certain regions. Important factors contributing to this risk include the increasing loss of hunting habitats and availability of wild prey (pecaris, deer, and capybaras), the destruction and fragmentation of jaguar's natural habitat, as well as the intentional presence of tourists, fishermen, and hunters in territorial areas of adult animals during the mating season or when they have offspring. The treatment of attacks by big cats is multifactorial. The patient usually presents with extensive skin lacerations and may have fractures and neurovascular injuries, especially in the neck and head. Ideally, these injuries should be managed in a trauma center by a surgical team employing radio logical examinations searching for possible fractures. Suturing the wounds may be necessary (there are 3 considerations to suture a wound caused by a wild animal: cosmetics, function, and risk factors) but predisposes them to infection caused mainly by streptococci and staphylococci and, rarely, Pasteurella multocida. The preparation and clean sing of the wounds to be sutured are main factors in the success of the measure. The risk factors for infection are: 1) location of the lesions (for example higher risk in areas of compromised vascularity); 2) type of the wound (deep punctures, macerated/crushed tissue are associated with joint or fracture contamination); 3) the characteristics of the victim (older than 50 years, chronic diseases, immuno compromised); and 4) biting species (large cats produce deep punctures). The use of prophylactic antibiotics is not recommended in all cases but should be reserved for use in moderate-to-high risk cases If used, antibiotics must be administered early and the recommended antibiotics include a penicillin and a first generation cephalosporin, or a second generation cephalosporin or Clindamycin and a fluoroquinolone. Tetanus prophylaxis is necessary and rabies post-exposure prophylaxis treatment maybe indicated depending on the epidemiology of terrestrial rabies in the specific area. In the Porto Jofre region (Cáceres county) and the west and north regions of the Pantanal, package tours are offered to view jaguars in the wild. The animals are attracted with food (cevas) or by simulating calls made by females in the breeding season, using the esturrador, a type of instrument made from bamboo (MFCN, personal observation). These practices have made human presence less intimidating for certain animals. Big cats can become very dangerous when surprised by sudden movements or unwary postures by tourists, especially during the mating season or when cubs are present. Attacks by Jaguars on Humans in Brazil Jaguar hunting has been practiced for centuries among the indigenous peoples in the Upper Xingu Reserve, who inhabit the protected areas of Mato Grosso State. Hunting is stimulated by social prestige of wearing the fur and claws from a jaguar. One of the authors (DGN), during field work conducted in the Gaucha do Norte and Canarana municipalities (Mato Grosso State) reported 16 jaguar specimens killed by a single hunter over a period of about 10 years. Case 1 (non-fatal attack on the Aweti Indian) mimicked circumstances when hunting jaguars, where dogs are used to corner the cats in trees or water. It is noteworthy that jaguar attacks under natural conditions are rare and that these animals prefer to feed on natural prey such as capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), peccaries (Pecari tajacu and Tayassu peccary), tapirs (Tapirus terrestris), and caimans (Alligatoridae family). The disappearance of wild spaces, however, has limited their pursuit of natural prey, and these animals need large areas to survive. This fact has favored the increase of conflicts between big cats and man in many locations around the world. Efforts by governmental and non governmental organizations in recent decades have had some success in finding ways to minimize the deleterious effects of these contacts and to preserve the species. There are projects to indemnify farmers in areas where jaguars attack cattle, minimizing the impact of predation and compensating the farmers to prevent hunting of jaguars. Other organizations follow the movement of jaguars through electronic monitoring, contributing to jaguar preservation. However, such encounters and potential fatalities in human/jaguar encounters may continue to occur in places where there is limited awareness of the potential threat, and when jaguar habitat and natural prey are compromised. Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank Centro Nacional de Pesquisas para a Conservação de Predadores Naturais (CENAP) for information on the fatal attacks. References 1. Rabinowitz AR. Jaguar predation on domestic livestock inBelize.Wildl Soc.1986;14:170–174. 2. Linnell JDC, Swenson JE, Andersen R. Predators andpeople: conservation of large carnivores is possible at high human densities if management policy is favourable. AnimConserv.2001;4:345–349. 3. Michalski F, Boulhosa RLP, Faria A, Peres CA.Human–wildlife conflicts in a fragmented Amazonian forest landscape: determinants of large felid depredation on livestock.Anim Conserv.2006;9:179–188. 4. Kushnir H.Lion attacks on humans in Southeastern Tanzania: risk factors and perceptions[dissertation]. Faculty of the graduate school of the University of Minnesota2009. 108 5. Siddiqui NA, Choudhury JH. Man-eating behavior of tiger (Panthera tigris tigris, 1758) of the Sundarbans –twenty eight years record analysis.Tiger paper.1987;14:26–32. 6. Reza AHMA, Feeroz MM, Islam MA. Man-tiger interaction in the Bangladesh Sundarbans.Bangladesh J Life Sci.2002;14:75–82. 7. Schaller GB, Crawshaw PG. Movement patterns of jaguar. Biotropica.1980;12:161–168. 8. Silver SC, Ostro LET, Marsh LK, et al. The use of camera traps for estimating jaguar Panthera onca abundance and density using capture/recapture analysis.Oryx. 2004;38:2. 9. Shaw H, Beier P, Culver M, Grigione M.Puma FieldGuide. Concord, MA: The Cougar Network; 2007. 10. Fitzhugh EL, Schmid-Holmes S, Kenyon MW, Etling K.Lessening the impact of a puma attack on a human.Proceedings of the Seventh Mountain Lion Workshop.Lander, WY: Wyoming Game and Fish Department;2003. 11. McKee D. Cougar attacks on humans: a case report.Wilderness Environ Med.2003;14:169–173. 12. Burdge DR, Scheifele D, Speert DP. Serious Pasteurell amultocida infections from lion and tiger bites.JAMA.1985; 253:3296–3297. 13. Freer L. Bites and injuries inflicted by wild and domestic animals. In: Auerbach PS, ed. Wilderness Medicine.5thed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 2007:1133. 
for years jaguar attacks on humans were unheard of to me..always thought they were rather strange they are ofcourse bigcats and are no less volatile than the others,i hold it they're arguably the most clever of the bigcats.
@Rage2277
Indeed I also find it strange and its strange cause they don't see people as prey haha. And Yes they're still big cats, wild animals and can easily kill you if it wants. I got more cases of attacks. Even nowhere near as many cases as the likes of tigers cases numbers of attacks on humans, the small number of jaguars attacks on humans registered exists but they're not shown or told that much, specially by the conservationists of the species that will avoid to talk about these cases that much and others might have never experienced, seen or heard of one, but it doesn't mean it never happened at all in history you know. The jaguar will wisely avoid direct contact with people as much as they can, they'll even alert you through behaviors when they not comfortable with your presence and in some cases with wild ones if they're feeling threatened (cornered wise) most of the times they will alert us with a pre-attack by growling and shrinking their ears backwards and will do those bluffs to let us know to stop right there, but if you continue to approach and trespass that ''security zone space'' it will stop the bluffs and will attack you but not to eat you, its actually more of a reaction by your act than an attack, its a defence. Overall it rarely happens in the wild and they're awkwardly very tolerant in comparison to other big cats but each individual got their own temper that should be respected and some won't tolerate at least to be that much close and will alert us like Tusk, CG, Mendanha, Hollyfied... Shi** happens when humans won't follow the animals warnings and space or can't read their behavior if its not comfortable or habituated enough and as you saw in those cases the outcome is ugly and cringy. In sudden moments, experts tell attacks could happen when they're cornered and feeling threatened, when they're feeding on carcass and you're get close to it suddenly surprising the cat, the jaguar may attack you to defend its carcass, also when approaching too much female with cubs, she might feel forced to protect the cubs by attacking you or when you approach too much when they're mating like the case of the mating jaguars in Mato Grosso do Sul I posted in the ''Animal-Human Conflicts thread'' that one of the mating cats attacked the guy on a horse that was riding by and didn't know they were there, he rode by very close to the mating cats and he was attacked and almost died with a ''pre skull bite'' he had to be quickly rescued by his friends who were also riding horses and was rushed to the hospital. In captivity in Brazil the attacks are more common and here is what Leandro Silveira says on this Wild/Captive during his live earlier this year after being questioned about jaguar attacks. I took some time to translate it cause its very worth the read. IN THE WILD. ''Naturally Jaguar don't see people as preys, this is a big advantage and luck we got here in the american continent to not have jaguars seeing us as preys like it happens in Africa and Asia where lions, leopards and tigers will see human as prey and will atack and kill humans, we don't have this problem that much with jaguars, the attacks of jags on humans are very rare and what we know with the more than 80 jag attacks cases registered in Brazil is that these attacks occurs most of the times with very old jaguars that ain't able to hunt anymore or with very young jaguars who aren't secure without its mother and yet learning to hunt and ended up attacking humans but as an experiment of a prey, with that being said naturally a jaguar won't see a human and suddenly run after them to kill and eat, attacks occurs when the animal feel threatened, cornered, with carcass, cubs. Its very common you see in Pantanal when the rancher on horse is camping his cattles then there are vultures nearby he approaches to see the cause of the cattle's death or to see whats in the middle of the vultures then he gets surprised by the jaguar and the jaguar gets surprised by him leading the jaguar attack, such an act we consider as a defence and any species would do that for example a domestic house cat that is not used to you out in the streets then you grab it and lock it in a small bathroom and try to catch it, the cat will scratch you, bite you and then you'd say the cat attacked you, no it didn't, it was reacting.'' ''With that being said its worth noting that with jaguars every time that I got bit or had a nervous situation in captivity and in the wild, they were provoked attacks, it was a defence so I already got my bites to the point to quickly learn how to read a pre-jaguar attack, meaning before the attack it will warn you just like a rattle snake will shake its rattle for you not step on it or approach it, jaguars will do the same.'' IN CAPTIVITY. ''Captivity-wise with the intense management with jaguars allow us to take care of them 24/7 in contact with them and that will allow us to know which jaguars can be ''manageable'' and which are the jaguars you will never touch, within 15 days you will notice one animal's temper, there are several jags we bottle feed as cub and some we already notice won't be docile and to confirm later over the years if I try to get into the enclosures it will try to kill me, I know it will kill me, from the outside I can call it by the name and it will come to me but if I get into the enclosure it will kill me, I know that and how do I know that? what keep us alive is to make that pre-reading behavior the way it looks at you, the way it acts, you already realise that this animal doesn't want me here and it doesn't want contacts'' ''So far we've had one dark jaguar who came from nature that frightened us, it gave me much fear, it was a jaguar that brutally came up to the base of the enclosure with much violence, every time someone passed by the enclosure it came all the way from the background where it was and rapidly came up to the front pounding the enclosure and back then my son was very small and at night I had nightmares that I wake up at night thinking if that dark jaguar escaped and I was fighting the dark jaguar, the nightmare appeared so real that after waking up I went to its enclosure in the middle of the night to see if that dark jaguar really escaped the enclosure, this dark jaguar made me very worried and nervous and we managed to remove it and sent it to another place where it found a mate and reproduced. '' ''About the male or female who are more docile in the sanctuary, it will vary between individuals its not about genders its more on the animals nature but by coincidence until now the most calm jaguars here have all been males, the females are always alert, they never spend too much time on a relation of security with you, the males on the other hand gets relaxed much more, we started observing this, but we see there's much more of the nature of the animal, the most calm jaguar we got so far is Xavante, a large male who is very calm with me but when he is eating he is the first one who will want to kill. '' '' So the truth is you gotta respect the animal, respect the time when its eating, respect its space if the animal is not in the mood don't mess with it, in situations of when a female is in heat or when there's a wild male wondering around and is letting the captive ones nervous I don't mess with them, so before we walk the animals and before getting them and removing them from the enclosure we do a reading on how it is that day, its kinda like humans there's moments when you don't wanna talk, walk and something we never do is to force the animal, its all on their will and when we walk them its as if they know it'll be their leisure moment they'll play, climb, scratch trees... '' FINISHING UP. ''So regarding the attacks thats it, I've already experienced some attacks in situations of reactions in the wild and in captivity and what I have learned about all of this is to read their behaviors and not to abuse the luck, the jaguar in Brazil is one of the big cats who kills the most in captivity and one of the reasons and technical interpretations presented is because its the most treacherous and its extremely strong, its a species that evolved to kill with one single bite at base of the nape, so just imagine an animal that can kill a cow, a tapir with one bite to the nape what would it do to us with our carcass that are so vulnerable.'' Leandro Silveira.  *This image is copyright of its original author
Unrelated, but another jaguar documentary was released. It's in German so I personally can't understand, but in terms of footage quality this is, in my opinion, the best documentary on the Pantanal by far. The quality is breathtaking and it too features individuals we've been following here:
Jaguars and Capybaras.
2 youngsters on a hunting attempt on capybaras. part 1 part 2 Matheus Manco (M&M) male going to quench his thirst while Capybaras all alert. 
Jaguars kill turtles by lowering the head and giving a fatal bite.Sometimes it just breaks the shelland eats the turtle.
Tracking the Dark Jaguar
Back in 2017 Bichos de Brasília project, NEX, CENAP/ICMBio and IBAMA were on the Track Expedition in order to capture a Cerrado male jaguar who was roaming around on the top of the mountain areas of Cerrado. They set up around 10 loop traps in different areas in order to capture the cerrado male jaguar. Brasília é o Bicho. ''Expedition Dark Jaguar.'' ''On the first day of the expedition, at the top of the mountain, all hopes were renewed. This incredible cerrado dark male jaguar appeared in the cameras to show that we are on the right path!'' ''Leanes with his great experience on capturing jaguars prepares the loop on the dark jaguar trail.''  *This image is copyright of its original author The beautiful mountainous areas of Cerrado.  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author ''Dark jaguar at the top of the Maranhão River sawmills.''  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author The capture attempt even aired on TV here in Brazil and I just reminded about it as I saw this post and I was very curious then I got in contact with them and asked Brasília é o Bicho if they managed to capture that dark cerrado male jaguar and what his size was and here's what they told me. ''unfortunately not. There is the story of the report in which we made the attempt. We believe that he was between 85kg to 100kg.''  *This image is copyright of its original author As we can see, he is estimated to be within the range of an average size of a Cerrado male 95 kg. Anyways then I asked for direct private conversation and now I am in direct personal contact with one of the members of Brasília é o Bicho project. I've told him my thought on Cerrado males being the second largest in Brazil, he said its very interesting and indeed the cerrado jaguars they see there are really big and that average size matches with the cerrado jaguars they usually see. He also said that Leandro Silveira towards south has captured many cerrado jaguars as we already know. Anyways I'll try to get some infos on the Cerrado jaguars from those areas on who's more dominant and more and maybe get new weights if he knows some as well as more details on Xangô cerrado male. (06-06-2020, 03:05 AM)Dark Jaguar Wrote: Misterious and Intriguing Infanticide case and study of Cerrado Jaguars. Remembering the case of the cerrado male jaguar who killed his 2 cubs. Infanticide Case of Cerrado Jaguars At PNE ( Parque Nacional das Emas ) - Cerrado - Brazil. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/cienci...200601.htm The environmental pressure around the Emas National Park in Goiás, an island of cerrado surrounded by soybeans on all sides, may be causing excessive stress to the population of jaguars living in the region and turning the animals into infanticides. Cerrado Jaguar feeding at PNE - Cerrado - Brazil.  *This image is copyright of its original author The first record of deliberate killing of cubs by a male in this feline species, says a group of researchers, is evidence that something wrong must be happening to the animals. The case was described in a study in the Brazilian scientific journal "Genetics and Molecular Biology". "Infanticide is documented among tigers, lions and leopards outside of Brazil and is not in itself a totally surprising behavior. The problem is the pattern studied now at Emas National Park," said biologist Leandro Silveira, a feline specialist with the Jaguar Conservation Fund and the Pró-Carnivoros Association, to Folha. As the animals are monitored by means of a necklace, the group was able to follow with precision the steps of both the father and the two cubs. The Cerrado male jaguar (Panthera onca), an eight-year-old animal weighing 90 kilograms killed and then partially ate his youngsters. Both cubs were nine months old. The ''hunt'' took days and the chase took over 40 km. The male cub died two days after the female. The episode, although described by the biologists only now, occurred in 2001. "Our first hypothesis was that the male was still helping in the care of the cubs, but this was not what happened. This deviation of conduct is most probably related to the isolation of the park. There is an overpopulation. This ends up influencing the behavior of the animals," explains Silveira. Competitors The distance traveled by the male behind the cubs -he left the geographical area normally occupied by a jaguar is one of the main clues that led scientists to classify as abnormal the behavior seen by them. "It is an evolutionary counter-sense. The amount of energy spent in pursuit is very high. The food of the jaguar is obtained in a much "cheaper" way normally," said Silveira. Even in Emas National Park, the common thing is to see a jaguar feeding on peccaries, tapirs and giant anteaters. "What happened is that the male decided that he needed to remove the cubs in his way in order to be able to mate with the female again anyway". The population of jaguars in the park, formed by approximately 30 animals, is spread over an area of 132 thousand hectares. Of this total, only 40% is considered the ideal habitat for cats. The work took a long time to be completed, exactly because the male tracked had entered the area occupied by another male of the same species. It was necessary to do all the genetic tests to know for sure if the father was the author of the deaths. "If not, the story would change completely. It would be a simple case of competition for food, which could also be related to environmental pressure," explains the biologist. Even in nature, in normal conditions where animals have great availability of space, it is not common for one male to find another and simply kill him. African Standard "There is an aggressive behavior, of course. But one of those involved ends up avoiding contact and flees the area. There are several ways to keep another male away, either through sounds or with the smell" According to Silveira, the most expected is that after the birth of the offspring, both the male and the female will disperse geographically and each one will find a totally different area to live in. The male, mainly the further the better. The female, almost always looks for a close place to live. "On farms in Africa, where the environment is altered, it is normal for males [of lions] to appear and kill their young," explains Silveira who already has one more case out of the ordinary to analyze. "A few days ago in the Pantanal, a female of one year and two months old was killed by another jaguar in unusual conditions". |
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