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Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) in Asia - Ecology, Behavior & Conservation
Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) in Asia - Ecology, Behavior & Conservation
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Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) in Asia - Ecology, Behavior & Conservation
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Post scientific (historical & contemporary) information about the Gray Wolf populations in Asia. Images & videos are also welcome!
 *This image is copyright of its original author
The aim of this thread is to collect all recorded knowledge about wolves in Asia.
Brief Overview of the Wolf in Asia Distribution & Status : Gray wolf (Canis lupus) ranged across much of Asia. They are still found in large numbers yet the protection of these animals varies from Country to Country. Population is stable but it is decreasing in some areas. Habitat : This differs depending on the country but wolves can survive and thrive in the forests of India, deserts of the Arabian peninsula and the snowy regions of the himalayas. Predator-Prey Relations : The Wolf mostly preys on wild ungulates and domestic livestock (which are major prey for wolves in certain areas). In Asia, the wolf competes with Hyenids, Canids, small and large felids and bears. Other than human beings, no predator has any significant effect on wolves except the Amur Tiger in Russia. Cultural Status : The image of the wolf varies from country to country. In certain areas it is very respected whereas in other areas they are hated and considered a pest. Public sentiment differs from culture to culture. Human-Wolf Conflict : Conflict between farmers and wolves are endless. Wolves may kill livestock and farmers often kill them in retaliation. In certain areas, wolves are persecuted and they are less protected than other large carnivores (leopard in Iran for example). References: International Wolf Center - Asia At a Glance Grey Wolf Canis lupus - Canid Specialist Group Two wolves standing over a livestock kill in the Iran-Turkmenistan borderland. Credits to Dr Mohammad Farhadinia  *This image is copyright of its original author
Information about the Indian Wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) by renowned Indian Zoologist and Conservationist, Dr Yadvendradev Jhala
 *This image is copyright of its original author Status, Ecology and Conservation of the Indian Wolf Canis lupus pallipes Sykes  *This image is copyright of its original author Description and adaptations of the indian wolf.  *This image is copyright of its original author "Distribution of the wolf Canis lupus pallipes in India. Locations of known breeding populations of wolves, areas where wolf studies have been conducted and areas where wolf attacks on children have been reported are shown"  *This image is copyright of its original author "The Indian wolf represents an acient lineage of Canis lupus that is unique to peninsular India and parts of Pakistan. Considered to be endangered, its numbers are believed to be between 2,000 to 3,000."  *This image is copyright of its original author Summary of the diet and predation of the Indian wolf from this paper - Wolves' main wild prey are the Indian wild buck and Chinkara - Outside protected areas they mainly prey on livestock and they may kill donkeys and camel calves. - "Wolf predation was a major limiting factor responsible for shaping the age and sex structure of the blackbuck population in the Bhal (Jhala et al. 2001)." "Food habits of wolves reported as percent occurence of prey in scats or percent of kills detected from various studies in India"  *This image is copyright of its original author Conflicts with Humans and Threats to the Wolf : A Sumarry - Rabid and non-rabid wolves may attack human children but this is very rare - Habitat destruction is a major threat - Wolves are sometimes poisoned and wolf dens are smoked to kill pups. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
Survey of attitudes toward, conflicts with and management of wolves and bears in rural villages in Armenia
Abstract Many studies aimed at assessing human attitudes towards and negative interactions (conflicts) with carnivores, such as wolves (Canis lupus) and bears (Ursus arctos), have been conducted throughout the world. Although villagers in Armenia have reported conflicts with these species and the government recently introduced a wolf-culling program, no such attitude studies had been conducted in Armenia. In an effort to understand more about human attitudes and interactions with these species in Armenia, 23 rural communities were surveyed using focus groups and interviews in July 2012. The types and locations of conflicts that villagers reported experiencing with wolves and bears, the mitigation measures currently being used by villagers, and their attitudes towards wolves, bears and wildlife management policies were documented. Differences were found in the severity and types of conflicts experienced by villagers across the surveyed communities, but no social or geographic variables were identified to explain the variation. Conflicts with wolves centered on wolves attacking livestock, namely cows xi and sheep, and domestic animals, namely horse and dogs. Conflicts with bears mainly involved damage to orchards, crops, beehives, fences and livestock. Over half of the surveyed communities described a sense of frustration and defenselessness because of a lack of support from the government and an overall difficulty with managing conflicts. Participation in the wolf-culling program was very low and attitudes towards wildlife management policies were mostly negative. Current wildlife management policies in Armenia are not effective in helping communities deal with human-wildlife conflicts, and conflicts with wildlife seem to be further exacerbated by conflicts with management policies. Therefore, it is recommended that a participatory human-wildlife conflict management plan, with stakeholder involvement, be pursued in Armenia, as well as more outreach and education to affected communities. Survey of attitudes toward, conflicts with and management of wolves and bears in rural villages in Armenia Camera-trap images of Gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Armenia. Credits to the WWF  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author
Wolves in six countries of their Asian range. Yemen, India, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey & Armenia.
 *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author
The absolute beauty of community-based conservation. Some incredible kind villagers from Pakistan saved a wolf from likely dying.
"Small village, big hearts Embracing the spirit of compassion, the residents of Washich village in the enchanting Torkhow Valley unite to extend a helping hand to a sick wolf that wandered into their settlement. Despite its wild nature, these kind-hearted villagers wrap the shivering creature in warmth and reach out to wildlife officials for further assistance. This beautiful gesture exemplifies that kindness knows no bounds and demonstrates the power of collective action in making a meaningful difference in the lives of all beings."  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author
Edit: I change my mind keep this thread
Gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Bangladesh
Gray wolves have been considered regionally extinct in Bangladesh. However, in 2019, an adult male was killed due to livestock depredation. On the reappearance of the Indian grey wolf in Bangladesh after 70 years: what do we know? LINK Abstract The Indian grey wolf, Canis lupus pallipes Sykes, 1831, is a small, cryptic subspecies and the only wolf living in arid plains and deserts of the Indian subcontinent. Since 1950, it has been considered extinct beyond 88° east longitude. Herein, we report an instance from Bangladesh after 70 years. A solitary male of C. l. pallipes was killed in retaliation in June 2019 as livestock predation events erupted and lasted for a month after a severe cyclone had swept coastal Bangladesh. The specimen was about 119 cm from nose to tail tip with a skull length of 26.23 cm. Two molecular markers, mt D-loop control region and 16S rRNA, and 54 cranial parameters consolidated the identity. Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood analyses indicated its intraspecies position. The locality of conflict, 450 km eastward of the easternmost population of C. l. pallipes, is adjacent to the Sundarbans in the Ganges estuary that presents formidable tidal rivers as dispersal barriers. In 2017, another wolf was sighted from the Indian Sundarbans vicinity. The present incident and the sighting of 2017 remarkably appeared from the farthest corners of a 10,000 km2 strong mangrove network that is rimmed by dense human settlements. The records surmise about the most challenging wolf dispersal route ever recorded. Additionally, the south-central coasts of Bangladesh, once home to wolves, bear old planted mangroves with open dunes but never surveyed for mammals. These facts necessitate a systematic camera-trapping in the coastal mangroves of Bangladesh exclusively intended for wolves. Description of the distribution of wolves in Bengal region (both India and present Bangladesh): "The extant range for the Indian wolf, though patchy and fragmented, goes from the Peninsular India to the Arabian deserts (Jhala 2003). However, it is not known beyond 88° east longitude, except for a recent sighting from a Sundarbans outskirt in the state of West Bengal, India (Mukherjee 2017) (Fig. 1a). Northerly, the subspecies is now contained by the Ganges River in the state of Bihar, India (Dey et al. 2010; Sharma et al. 2019) (Fig. 1a). Anecdotes on C. l. pallipes from the historic region of Bengal, now succeeded by the state of West Bengal, India, and Bangladesh, went back to the 1950s (Fig. 1a). Through accounts of Hunter (1876a,b,c), Simson (1886), and O’Malley (1914, 1923), the historic eastern limit of wolves in the Indian subcontinent appeared to be the entire south-central and western Bengal (Fig. 1a). Hunter (1876c) also noted wolves from Darjeeling, a northern hilly region of West Bengal (Fig. 1a); however, whether these wolves were plainland (C. l. pallipes) or hilly subspecies (C. l. chanco) was not mentioned. Mitra (1957) noted a predation event of wolf killing a man around 1940s from the coastal grasslands of Noakhali, south-central Bangladesh (Fig. 1a). O’Malley (1914,1923) mentioned wolf from the districts of Noakhali and Pabna of Bangladesh as well as from Murshidabad, Malda, and Dinajpur—districts which are now part of India (Hunter 1876a,b) (Fig. 1a). These regions lie along the Ganges River and rich in riverine open country and grassland mosaics (IUCN Bangladesh 2015) similar to current range areas of the Indian wolves. However, long before the independence of Bangladesh, wolf is regarded as an extirpated species in the eastern Bengal (Khan 2015, 2018), although any exclusive survey has never been undertaken." "This work proved the appearance of the Indian grey wolf in Bangladesh after 70 years. Craniometric measurements are also provided for the first time from the entire Indian Subcontinent. Its phylogenetic position is also examined. Finally, the possible reasons causing its appearance in the country are discussed." Map showing historical records of wolves in the Bengal region [Fig. 1 Occurrence of the Indian grey wolf Canis lupus pallipes in its eastern limit (a) and the Sundarbans forest peripheries (b). Black dashed line marks historical easternmost limit of the species after Simson (1886). Green-shaded areas denote forest cover. Light grey areas denote the historic region of Bengal, now succeeded by the state of West Bengal, India, and Bangladesh. Dark grey area denotes the district of Barguna. Inset shows the region within the Indian subcontinent]  *This image is copyright of its original author Description of the skull of the killed wolf [Fig. 3 Skull of the Indian grey wolf Canis lupus pallipes reported in this article. Cranium: dorsal view (a), frontal view (b), palatal view ©, nuchal view (d), lateral view from right (e), and lateral view from left (f). Mandible: dorsal view (g), frontal view (h), lateral view from right (i) and lateral view from left (j). Ak akrokranion, An angular process, Au auditory bulla, B basion, C canine, Co condyle, Cr coronoid process, Ent enterorbitale (interorbital), F frontal, N nasion, I incisor, J jugal, M molar, Mx Maxilla, O occipital condyle, P premolar, Pr prosthion, Pt parietal, Rh rhinion, S synsphenion, Sm squamosal, Sc sagittal crest, St staphylion, Z zygomatic arch of squamosal. Numeric placed against the corresponding tooth denotes their corresponding number in the order of appearance. Reddashed circles denote anomalies and blunt traumas]  *This image is copyright of its original author Conclusion: The possibility of wolves, even in very small numbers, existing Bangladesh cannot be overthrown. "In conclusion, we do not overthrow the possibility of long-ranging dispersal behavior of wolves. Given the geographical features of the region, cryptic nature of the species, and pattern of the occurring incidents, we, through this note on the Indian wolf sighting in Bangladesh after 70 years, strongly advise a systematic camera-trapping study in the coastal mangroves as well as along their peripheries." The image of the killed wolf. Readers please read this Mongabay article: The wolf of Bangladesh: A true story. The images are from there.  *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author
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