There is a world somewhere between reality and fiction. Although ignored by many, it is very real and so are those living in it. This forum is about the natural world. Here, wild animals will be heard and respected. The forum offers a glimpse into an unknown world as well as a room with a view on the present and the future. Anyone able to speak on behalf of those living in the emerald forest and the deep blue sea is invited to join.
--- Peter Broekhuijsen ---

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Wolf (Canis lupus)

United Kingdom Sully Offline
Ecology & Rewilding
*****

Wolves infected with a parasite that increases risk taking makes them 46x more likely to become pack leaders

Parasitic infection increases risk-taking in a social, intermediate host carnivore


Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting any warm-blooded species and can increase risk-taking in intermediate hosts. Despite extensive laboratory research on the effects of T. gondii infection on behaviour, little is understood about the effects of toxoplasmosis on wild intermediate host behavior. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA, has a diverse carnivore community including gray wolves (Canis lupus) and cougars (Puma concolor), intermediate and definitive hosts of T. gondii, respectively. Here, we used 26 years of wolf behavioural, spatial, and serological data to show that wolf territory overlap with areas of high cougar density was an important predictor of infection. In addition, seropositive wolves were more likely to make high-risk decisions such as dispersing and becoming a pack leader, both factors critical to individual fitness and wolf vital rates. Due to the social hierarchy within a wolf pack, we hypothesize that the behavioural effects of toxoplasmosis may create a feedback loop that increases spatial overlap and disease transmission between wolves and cougars. These findings demonstrate that parasites have important implications for intermediate hosts, beyond acute infections, through behavioural impacts. Particularly in a social species, these impacts can surge beyond individuals to affect groups, populations, and even ecosystem processes.
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Messages In This Thread
Wolf (Canis lupus) - peter - 04-22-2014, 06:15 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Pckts - 04-24-2014, 03:53 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - geronimo94 - 06-11-2021, 12:29 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - GuateGojira - 04-24-2014, 06:02 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - sanjay - 04-27-2014, 10:05 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Jubatus - 06-30-2014, 06:24 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - GuateGojira - 05-01-2014, 11:56 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - GuateGojira - 05-03-2014, 09:56 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - sanjay - 05-03-2014, 10:21 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - GuateGojira - 05-03-2014, 10:31 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Richardrli - 05-03-2014, 01:10 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 08-23-2015, 05:28 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - GuateGojira - 08-27-2015, 02:50 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 08-27-2015, 05:59 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - sanjay - 08-27-2015, 06:58 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - ryugenT24 - 10-25-2015, 09:10 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-25-2015, 11:15 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-25-2015, 11:19 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-28-2015, 09:06 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 12-09-2015, 06:25 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 12-09-2015, 10:40 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 12-09-2015, 10:48 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 12-22-2015, 08:00 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 04-17-2016, 05:20 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Pckts - 04-19-2016, 04:37 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 04-27-2016, 12:15 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 04-27-2016, 12:18 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 04-27-2016, 12:19 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 04-27-2016, 12:20 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 04-27-2016, 12:21 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 04-27-2016, 12:23 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 04-29-2016, 11:50 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 05-05-2016, 04:32 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 05-05-2016, 06:05 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 05-05-2016, 11:28 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Pckts - 05-05-2016, 09:30 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - brotherbear - 05-06-2016, 11:20 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 05-29-2016, 05:40 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - peter - 05-29-2016, 08:12 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Polar - 05-30-2016, 12:56 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 05-30-2016, 06:51 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Ngala - 06-18-2016, 10:02 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Ngala - 06-26-2016, 07:44 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 07-17-2016, 10:35 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 07-23-2016, 02:45 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 08-06-2016, 07:21 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 08-19-2016, 06:52 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 08-21-2016, 08:49 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - peter - 08-22-2016, 04:59 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 08-21-2016, 10:58 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 08-25-2016, 05:59 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Pckts - 08-29-2016, 09:37 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 09-01-2016, 12:31 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - brotherbear - 09-01-2016, 07:56 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Ngala - 09-17-2016, 05:14 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 09-24-2016, 01:22 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Ngala - 09-26-2016, 11:55 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - GrizzlyClaws - 10-10-2016, 04:44 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 10-13-2016, 07:30 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 10-30-2016, 06:11 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-03-2016, 04:32 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-04-2016, 09:53 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-05-2016, 01:14 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-07-2016, 04:49 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-08-2016, 12:22 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-21-2016, 08:53 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Vinay - 11-21-2016, 09:31 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-23-2016, 09:46 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Ngala - 12-10-2016, 01:03 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - epaiva - 04-05-2017, 05:33 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 04-16-2017, 06:54 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Polar - 04-16-2017, 10:46 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - epaiva - 04-16-2017, 08:25 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rishi - 04-18-2017, 10:01 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 04-25-2017, 06:56 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Ngala - 06-19-2017, 05:20 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 06-29-2017, 02:50 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - peter - 08-16-2017, 09:09 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-08-2017, 01:56 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-08-2017, 02:00 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - peter - 11-08-2017, 11:20 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 11-13-2017, 10:48 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - peter - 11-13-2017, 12:01 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-27-2017, 11:48 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Fredymrt - 11-29-2017, 08:46 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - epaiva - 11-30-2017, 03:38 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - peter - 12-27-2017, 05:45 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 01-03-2018, 04:36 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 01-05-2018, 01:31 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 01-05-2018, 09:21 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Ngala - 01-13-2018, 10:09 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 01-14-2018, 03:05 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Ngala - 01-14-2018, 06:31 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 01-14-2018, 07:28 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Ngala - 01-14-2018, 08:30 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rishi - 01-14-2018, 08:06 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 01-15-2018, 04:37 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 01-18-2018, 06:56 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 02-15-2018, 05:48 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - peter - 02-15-2018, 09:48 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 03-09-2018, 07:22 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 03-09-2018, 12:32 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 03-10-2018, 12:21 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - GrizzlyClaws - 03-10-2018, 12:55 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 03-10-2018, 02:23 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - GrizzlyClaws - 03-11-2018, 02:47 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - epaiva - 03-13-2018, 03:53 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - epaiva - 03-13-2018, 05:06 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 03-13-2018, 05:52 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - epaiva - 03-13-2018, 06:04 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 03-19-2018, 09:05 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 03-26-2018, 03:56 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 03-26-2018, 04:06 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Jimmy - 03-26-2018, 11:54 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rishi - 03-26-2018, 01:18 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Jimmy - 03-26-2018, 01:49 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rishi - 03-26-2018, 02:15 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 04-09-2018, 11:12 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 04-16-2018, 05:25 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 04-17-2018, 03:02 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 04-17-2018, 07:33 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 04-25-2018, 06:34 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 05-04-2018, 02:05 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 05-08-2018, 02:04 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 05-15-2018, 05:16 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 05-19-2018, 07:23 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 06-11-2018, 02:59 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - AlexE - 06-30-2018, 04:30 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - AlexE - 07-16-2018, 12:49 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - AlexE - 07-16-2018, 01:29 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - AlexE - 07-16-2018, 01:39 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - AlexE - 07-16-2018, 01:47 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Pckts - 07-17-2018, 10:12 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - AlexE - 08-14-2018, 10:44 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - AlexE - 08-14-2018, 11:21 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - epaiva - 09-03-2018, 02:48 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - brotherbear - 09-10-2018, 04:06 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rage2277 - 09-21-2018, 07:12 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rage2277 - 10-01-2018, 04:09 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 10-11-2018, 12:34 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 10-15-2018, 11:01 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 10-19-2018, 10:48 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 10-19-2018, 11:31 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 10-19-2018, 11:58 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 10-20-2018, 11:23 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 10-20-2018, 11:33 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 10-21-2018, 12:10 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 10-21-2018, 08:42 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - brotherbear - 11-10-2018, 02:30 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Tshokwane - 11-25-2018, 11:30 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 12-07-2018, 06:15 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Jimmy - 12-07-2018, 08:05 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 12-08-2018, 06:08 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 12-09-2018, 06:05 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 12-30-2018, 12:20 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 12-31-2018, 10:58 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 12-31-2018, 02:55 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 01-01-2019, 02:44 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 01-01-2019, 03:14 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 01-01-2019, 03:16 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 01-01-2019, 03:41 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 01-01-2019, 04:38 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 01-01-2019, 04:55 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 01-01-2019, 05:04 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 01-01-2019, 05:21 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 01-01-2019, 06:25 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 01-01-2019, 12:05 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 01-01-2019, 05:09 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 01-01-2019, 08:03 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 01-01-2019, 08:13 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 01-01-2019, 05:24 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - epaiva - 01-01-2019, 04:58 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rishi - 01-01-2019, 06:27 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 01-01-2019, 06:45 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - epaiva - 01-01-2019, 07:05 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 01-01-2019, 12:29 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - BorneanTiger - 11-01-2019, 05:35 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rishi - 11-02-2019, 08:58 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 01-01-2019, 08:17 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rishi - 01-01-2019, 08:34 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 01-01-2019, 08:23 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 01-02-2019, 02:20 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 01-04-2019, 08:28 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rage2277 - 01-08-2019, 05:54 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 04-20-2019, 07:40 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Pckts - 01-08-2019, 06:57 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rishi - 01-09-2019, 09:11 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 01-09-2019, 09:03 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Pckts - 01-15-2019, 10:56 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 01-23-2019, 08:59 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 01-25-2019, 05:23 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Jimmy - 01-25-2019, 08:26 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 01-25-2019, 08:45 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 01-26-2019, 06:21 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 01-26-2019, 09:24 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 01-30-2019, 09:45 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 01-30-2019, 12:55 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 01-30-2019, 08:01 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 02-03-2019, 10:15 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-05-2019, 04:47 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 02-06-2019, 08:48 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - nobody - 02-06-2019, 09:27 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - smedz - 02-07-2019, 03:39 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-07-2019, 03:50 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - smedz - 02-07-2019, 04:40 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-07-2019, 04:51 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - nobody - 02-07-2019, 02:14 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 02-08-2019, 09:10 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 02-08-2019, 09:19 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 02-08-2019, 10:44 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-08-2019, 11:02 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 02-08-2019, 11:11 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-08-2019, 11:34 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 02-08-2019, 12:17 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - smedz - 02-10-2019, 03:28 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-10-2019, 04:21 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - smedz - 02-10-2019, 04:48 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-10-2019, 05:19 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - smedz - 02-10-2019, 05:27 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-10-2019, 05:33 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - smedz - 02-10-2019, 05:42 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-10-2019, 05:54 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - smedz - 02-10-2019, 06:09 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-10-2019, 06:17 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-10-2019, 05:28 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rishi - 02-10-2019, 06:59 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-10-2019, 07:06 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-10-2019, 07:28 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - smedz - 02-10-2019, 07:56 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Wolverine - 02-17-2019, 10:14 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 02-20-2019, 09:03 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-22-2019, 02:10 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - epaiva - 02-22-2019, 09:35 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-22-2019, 12:43 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 03-05-2019, 03:51 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - smedz - 03-06-2019, 01:50 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 03-11-2019, 05:02 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 03-15-2019, 07:40 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 04-17-2019, 09:57 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 04-20-2019, 02:28 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 04-20-2019, 02:32 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 04-20-2019, 07:49 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 04-25-2019, 01:32 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 04-26-2019, 12:22 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 04-26-2019, 03:46 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 05-03-2019, 12:48 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 05-03-2019, 11:19 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 05-07-2019, 01:52 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 05-07-2019, 02:02 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 05-29-2019, 01:37 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 06-01-2019, 08:38 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 06-07-2019, 12:19 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 06-11-2019, 10:04 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 06-16-2019, 07:38 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 07-05-2019, 11:17 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rage2277 - 07-06-2019, 04:57 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 07-12-2019, 10:08 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - epaiva - 07-12-2019, 10:58 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 07-14-2019, 12:08 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 07-18-2019, 05:18 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rishi - 07-18-2019, 08:50 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 07-18-2019, 06:51 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 07-30-2019, 06:05 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 08-02-2019, 12:41 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 08-04-2019, 11:30 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 09-26-2019, 06:15 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rishi - 10-11-2019, 06:47 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 10-07-2019, 06:16 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 10-10-2019, 11:56 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 10-11-2019, 11:01 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 10-13-2019, 02:09 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 10-16-2019, 03:21 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 10-22-2019, 11:36 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 10-24-2019, 06:56 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 10-27-2019, 01:13 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - lionjaguar - 10-31-2019, 09:36 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - AlexE - 11-02-2019, 07:12 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 11-20-2019, 12:53 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 11-20-2019, 12:55 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - BorneanTiger - 11-20-2019, 03:14 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 11-21-2019, 07:55 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 11-23-2019, 06:17 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 11-25-2019, 01:52 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - BorneanTiger - 11-28-2019, 11:01 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 12-01-2019, 12:40 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 12-03-2019, 11:50 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 12-14-2019, 12:46 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 12-25-2019, 12:18 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 01-04-2020, 02:07 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 01-13-2020, 11:58 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 01-17-2020, 10:16 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 01-19-2020, 08:25 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 01-25-2020, 08:23 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 02-19-2020, 06:42 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 02-20-2020, 05:24 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 02-21-2020, 02:42 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 02-21-2020, 02:46 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 02-21-2020, 02:57 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - peter - 02-22-2020, 07:05 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 02-22-2020, 12:25 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 02-21-2020, 06:48 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 02-23-2020, 01:16 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 02-23-2020, 01:17 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Pckts - 02-23-2020, 06:05 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 02-23-2020, 01:54 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 02-23-2020, 07:44 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Pckts - 02-24-2020, 04:57 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 02-24-2020, 05:51 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Pckts - 02-24-2020, 05:59 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 02-28-2020, 07:54 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 03-03-2020, 03:09 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 03-16-2020, 11:32 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 03-16-2020, 11:36 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 03-16-2020, 11:48 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 03-17-2020, 02:07 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TigreFeroce9 - 03-21-2020, 12:43 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 03-22-2020, 06:15 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 03-24-2020, 11:36 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-11-2020, 03:39 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 04-11-2020, 03:56 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rage2277 - 04-18-2020, 10:59 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rishi - 04-24-2020, 08:44 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-22-2020, 08:32 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-22-2020, 08:34 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-24-2020, 07:36 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-24-2020, 07:56 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-24-2020, 08:10 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-24-2020, 08:12 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-24-2020, 08:16 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-24-2020, 08:20 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-24-2020, 09:32 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-24-2020, 09:40 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 04-25-2020, 01:58 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 04-26-2020, 01:58 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-26-2020, 03:04 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-26-2020, 03:19 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-29-2020, 06:15 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-29-2020, 06:23 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 04-29-2020, 06:26 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 05-01-2020, 06:31 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 05-01-2020, 06:32 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 05-01-2020, 06:40 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 05-01-2020, 06:45 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 05-01-2020, 06:55 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 05-04-2020, 01:41 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 05-20-2020, 01:13 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 05-07-2020, 07:10 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 05-08-2020, 11:15 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 05-20-2020, 01:16 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - eagleman - 05-20-2020, 08:04 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 05-21-2020, 02:54 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 05-21-2020, 03:32 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 05-21-2020, 12:37 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - P.T.Sondaica - 05-21-2020, 06:51 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 05-21-2020, 07:56 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 05-23-2020, 12:18 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 05-24-2020, 12:34 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 05-25-2020, 09:44 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 05-25-2020, 11:59 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 05-27-2020, 08:57 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 05-29-2020, 03:21 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 08:25 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 08:27 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 08:28 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 08:34 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 09:03 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 09:07 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 09:10 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 09:12 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 09:15 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 09:16 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 09:18 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 09:20 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 09:21 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 09:23 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 09:24 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 09:25 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-01-2020, 09:28 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Spalea - 06-02-2020, 11:56 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-04-2020, 08:23 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-16-2020, 04:00 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-16-2020, 04:13 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - peter - 06-16-2020, 06:20 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 06-16-2020, 04:09 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 06-17-2020, 05:56 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-17-2020, 09:28 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sanju - 06-17-2020, 10:12 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-17-2020, 11:29 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-20-2020, 09:07 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-20-2020, 09:19 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-22-2020, 07:49 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - peter - 06-22-2020, 08:04 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rishi - 06-23-2020, 06:44 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 06-22-2020, 08:02 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-22-2020, 08:29 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-23-2020, 06:30 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 06-23-2020, 07:32 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 06-29-2020, 11:55 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 06-30-2020, 12:11 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 07-09-2020, 12:46 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 07-31-2020, 02:29 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 08-02-2020, 10:30 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 08-18-2020, 07:53 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 08-21-2020, 03:06 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 08-28-2020, 09:13 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 08-28-2020, 09:23 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 08-28-2020, 09:31 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 09-27-2020, 11:05 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 09-28-2020, 03:50 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 09-29-2020, 12:44 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 09-28-2020, 03:56 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 09-29-2020, 09:14 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 09-30-2020, 04:54 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 10-07-2020, 04:20 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 10-07-2020, 10:07 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 10-07-2020, 10:30 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 10-13-2020, 07:42 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 10-13-2020, 07:57 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 10-13-2020, 08:06 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 10-20-2020, 10:41 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 10-20-2020, 11:48 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 10-22-2020, 06:12 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 10-23-2020, 11:00 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 10-27-2020, 12:17 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 10-27-2020, 12:54 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 11-05-2020, 08:48 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 11-07-2020, 06:22 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 11-09-2020, 08:17 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - ericmiles - 11-10-2020, 10:18 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 11-11-2020, 03:43 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - ericmiles - 11-13-2020, 06:19 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 11-15-2020, 10:08 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 11-24-2020, 06:53 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 12-02-2020, 08:43 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 12-13-2020, 06:44 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 12-13-2020, 02:49 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Shadow - 12-13-2020, 09:41 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rage2277 - 12-25-2020, 01:56 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 12-25-2020, 09:00 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - PolarBear - 01-13-2021, 01:13 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 01-21-2021, 07:17 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 01-27-2021, 04:56 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 02-07-2021, 08:48 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 02-18-2021, 02:50 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Styx38 - 02-25-2021, 12:11 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Styx38 - 02-27-2021, 01:39 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Styx38 - 02-27-2021, 01:43 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Styx38 - 03-11-2021, 11:43 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 03-17-2021, 06:34 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Pckts - 05-08-2021, 10:53 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 06-05-2021, 05:04 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - AndresVida - 06-06-2021, 01:22 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-06-2021, 03:36 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - AndresVida - 06-06-2021, 09:52 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - TheNormalGuy - 06-06-2021, 05:53 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 06-20-2021, 10:38 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 06-20-2021, 10:44 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 07-03-2021, 06:30 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Ashutosh - 07-25-2021, 11:00 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 09-11-2021, 05:01 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Styx38 - 10-23-2021, 01:33 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Rage2277 - 10-28-2021, 01:17 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Ashutosh - 01-23-2022, 02:47 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 03-28-2022, 07:36 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Ashutosh - 05-02-2022, 09:42 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 06-25-2022, 08:51 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Ashutosh - 11-15-2022, 02:49 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Lycaon - 02-27-2023, 07:35 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - Sully - 07-31-2023, 12:03 AM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - ashurGiga - 08-30-2024, 11:01 PM
RE: Wolf (Canis lupus) - peter - 08-31-2024, 06:17 AM
German shepherd and wolves - Siegfried - 05-06-2014, 05:27 AM
RE: WIld Wolf and Grizzly Playing! - Rishi - 08-03-2017, 09:04 PM



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