Wolf (Canis lupus)

[TheNormalGuy]

 1. Canis lupus arctos (The Arctic wolf)

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Distribution : North of Canada, Alaska and Greenland

Medium-sized subspecie

Subspecies Attributed in 1935

Main Preys : Muskox and Arctic Hare

Physical description will be added later 

2. [i]Canis lupus hudsonicus (The Hudson Bay Wolf)[/i]

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Distribution : Hudson Bay, Canada

Subspecie attributed in 1941

Medium sized subspecie

Physical description will be added later 

3. Canis lupus ligoni (The Alexander Archipelago Wolf)

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Distribution : Alexander Archipelago, Alaska

Subspecies attributed in 1937

Small sized subspecies

Average weights : 14-23 kg (30 to 50 lbs)

Length  : About 3 1⁄2 ft (1.1 m) long 

Height : 2 ft (0.61 m) tall at the shoulder.

Mains preys : Sitka Black-Tailed Deer and American Beaver 

An average wolf of this subspecie eat an average on 26 deer per year (Cook, Dawson & McDonald 2007)

Salmon (15-25 % of their diet) helps pup survivorship (90 % of the pups survive youth, one of the highest in the wolf subspecies) (Woodford 2009)

4. Canis lupus manningi (The Baffin Island Wolf)

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Distribution : Baffin Island, Canada

Considered as the smallest of the arctic subspecies of the grey wolf

Attributed in 1943

5. Canis lupus orion (Greenland wolf)

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Distribution : Greenland

Number : 55 individuals (90 % of the population) were counted in the Northeast Greenland National Park in 1998

Attributed in 1935

Based on 5 animals caught in 1906 :

Average length : 155 cm

Average weight : 26 kg (51 lbs)

Preys : hares, seals pups, seal, observation accounts of wolf pairs taking muskox calves

6. Canis lupus tundrarum (Alaskan Tundra Wolf or The Barren Ground Wolf)

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Large subspecie on the Arctic Coast of Northern Alaska attributed in 1912

7. Canis lupus pambasileus (Interior Alaskan Wolf or Yukon Wolf)

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(Wolf in Denali National Park, Alaska)

Distribution : Alaska (USA), Yukon , British Columbia and Northwest Territories (Canada)

Attributed in 1905

Average height : 85 cm (33.5 in)

Average weight : 37 kg (82 lbs) for females and 43 kg (95 lbs) for males

Max weight range : 55 kg (121 lbs)

Record : 79.4 kg (175 lbs) 

(Young, Stanley P.; Goldman, Edward A.) (1944)

Lifespan : 4-12 years with 10 years as normality

Average pack size  : 7-9

Average wolf pup by litter : 4-6 

About 5000 lives in yukon only

Preys in order of priority : Moose, woodland Caribou and Dall Sheep

A pack usually kill a moose every 5-6 days 

8. Canis lupus columbianus (British Columbia Wolf)

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Distribution : Vancouver to Alexander Archipelago, Alaska

Attributed in 1941

More information later on this subspecie

9. Canis lupus crassodon (Vancouver Island Wolf)

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Pack sizes : 5-20 

Estimated remaining wild individuals : 150

Medium sized subspecies

Height : 26 to 32 inches 

Length : 4 to 5 feet from the tip of the nose to tail

Weight : average 60 lbs (25-30 kg)

Can be grey, black, brown or pure white

Seafood compose 90 % of their diets

10. Canis lupus labradorius (Labrador Wolf)

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Native to my homeland (Quebec) and Labrador (Newfoundland)

Attributed in 2005

Seems very rare

11. Canis lupus mackenzii (Mackenzie River Wolf)

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Attributed in 1943 but described in 1908

Distribution : Canadian Northwest Territories

Not much is known 

12. Canis lupus irremotus (Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf)

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Native to the Canadian Rocky Mountains 

attributed in 1937

Generally weigh between 32 to 68 kg (70-150 lbs)

Stand between 26 and 32 inches high

These physical traits makes it one of the largest wolf subspecies

Primary preys include : Bison, Elk, Rocky Mountain Mule Deer, Beaver

Were exterminated of Yellowstone (the last Yellowstone native wolf of this subspecie was shot in 1924)

13. Canis lupus lycaon (Eastern Wolf)

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(Credit : Michael Runtz)

My other and main wolf of my region (Quebec)

Range include the Great Lakes and Southeastern Canada 

2 type of this subspecies exist : The Greater lake wolf (Larger) and the Algonquin Wolf (Smaller)

This wolf is the wolf whom cross-breed with coyotes

Its physical appearance is the likes a very very large coyote with a bulkier body, stronger legs and with rounder ears and nose than the eastern coyote

Edit : In fact the eastern coyote is the hybrid between that wolf subspecies and a coyote

It primarily preys on White-Tailed Deer, sometimes moose and beavers opportunistically

Is the first described american subspecies of grey wolf (1775)

Size is between a coyote and the larger wolf subspecies : 23 kg for females and 32 kg for males

Lives for 4 to 15 years

Territory size for a pack : 115-180 square km 

It was discovered in 1963, that this subspecies answered human howls imitations.

*. Canis lupus rufus or Canis lupus (Is now considered a distinct species) (I won't discribed it)

14. Canis lupus baileyi (Mexican Wolf)

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As of 2017, they are 143 mexican wolves in the wild

Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico

Main prey : The Coue's Deer (A very small subspecies of white-tailed deer)

15. Canis lupus occidentalis (The Northwestern Wolf)

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Above is the prettiest wolf you can ever have the chance to look at (Yellowstone Wolf : Post-Reintroduction to the Park)

Also referred to The Mackenzie Valley Wolf or The Timber Wolf

Alaska, British Columbia, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Washington, Oregon, Wisconsin

One of the three largest subspecies. The biggest in North America

average males weigh between 45 to 66 kg  (99 to 145 lbs)

Both sexes are between 68 and 91.5 cm (26.8 and 36.0 in) tall at the shoulder.

They feed on anything they want to feed on  : Bison, Elk, Moose, White-Tailed Deer, Mule Deer, Caribou, etc.

Less preferred preys include pronghorns (in Yellowstone) and large carnivorans (Bears, cougar, lynx)

The are a key species to the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (See How Wolves Changed Rivers video)

Second oldest subspecies of the America (1829)

European and Asians Subspecies  :

16. Canis lupus albus (Tundra Wolf)

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Scandinavian subspecies (Finland to Russia)

described in 1792

average lengths for both sexes is 112-118 to 137 cm (44 to 54 in)

Average weight between 40 and 49 kg (88-108 lbs)

Biggest weighed 52 kg

Caribou/reindeer were present in 93.1 % of 74 wolf's stomachs 

Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998)

17. Canis lupus campestris (Steppe Wolf)

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inhabit the Caucasian Regions

35-40 kg (77 to 88 lbs)

preys on caspian seals (* notable prey*)

18. Canis lupus chanco (Mongolian Wolf)

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Described in 1863

Mongolia, China, Korea, Ussuri region, 

The prominent Russian zoologist, Vladimir Georgievich Heptner, described Mongolian wolves from the Ussuri region of Russia as follows:

Quote:Dimensions are not large – like C. l. desertorum, or somewhat larger, but markedly smaller than the Siberian forest wolves. Coloration is dirty gray, frosted with a weak admixture of ocherous color and without pale-yellow or chestnut tones. The fur is coarse and stiff.
Total body length of males 93 cm (37 in) – 158 cm (62 in);
Tail length 30 cm (12 in) – 40 cm (16 in)
Hind foot length 16 cm (6.3 in) – 24 cm (9.4 in)
Ear height 10 cm (3.9 in) – 14.5 cm (5.7 in)
Shoulder height 58 cm (23 in) – 89 cm (35 in)
Weight 26 kg (57 lb) – 37 kg (82 lb). 

Total body length of females 90 cm (35 in) – 109 cm (43 in)
Tail length 30 cm (12 in) – 40 cm (16 in)
Hind foot length 16 cm (6.3 in) – 23 cm (9.1 in)
Ear height 9.5 cm (3.7 in) – 13 cm (5.1 in)
Shoulder height 57 cm (22 in) – 75 cm (30 in)
Weight 22 kg (49 lb) – 30 kg (66 lb).

19. Canis lupus filchneri (Tibetan Wolf)

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Described in 1907

Tibetan plateaux (China)

Hodgson (1847) described his type specimen as follows:

Quote:

Wolf with long sharp face, elevated brows, broad head, large pointed ears, thick woolly pilage, and very full brush of medial length. Above, dull earthy-brown; below, with the entire face and limbs yellowish-white. No marks on the limbs. Tail concolorous with the body, that is brownish above and yellowish below, and no dark tip.

Length 45 in (110 cm).

Height 30 in (76 cm).

This animal is found all over Tibet.

20. Canis lupus pallipes (Indian Wolf)

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Described in 1831

It typically preys on antelopes, rodents, and hares.

It usually hunts in pairs when targeting antelopes, with one wolf acting as a decoy while the other attacks from behind.

 The range of the Indian wolf overlaps with the golden jackal, sloth bear, leopard, brown bear, Asiatic lion and tiger.

Between the Tibetan and the Arabian Wolf in size

21. Canis lupus arabs (Arabian Wolf)

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Described in 1934

Is the smallest wolf of the world

Desert-adapted animal

It stands on average 25–26 inches (64–66 cm) at shoulder height (Lopez, B. 2004) and the adult weighs an average of 45 pounds (20.41 kg). 

Diet : mainly rodents and hares, small ungulates 

22. Canis lupus lupus (Eurasian wolf)

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All europe in the past, now most countries of europe

Largest european subspecies reaching 39 kg  (86 lbs) on average

Freak specimens, if real, up to 69-80 kg (152-176 lbs)

All ungulates of europe fall in theirs diets : ibexes, moose, reindeer, elk, chamois, roe, fallow, red deer, argali, mouflon, saiga, wisent, etc...

Wild boars are also preyed regularly

Adults from Russia measure 105–160 centimetres (41–63 in) in length, 80–85 centimetres (31–33 in) in shoulder height, and weigh on average 32–50 kilograms (71–110 lb), with a maximum weight of 69–80 kilograms (152–176 lb).

Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998)

Italian wolves body length ranges between 110–148 cm, while shoulder height is 50–70 cm.

up to 17 variations (sub-subpecies or variants) are known

23. Canis lupus dingo (Dingo)

24. Canis lupus Familiaris (Domestic Dog)

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