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Jaguar Predation
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@sanjay
My Friend like you said before Jaguars are incredible hunters, all videos and pictures you see are of Jaguars from Pantanal in Brazil where they hunt Caiman yacare a medium sized croc with a maximum size of 2,70 mt long and over 60 kilograms, they hunt Caiman crocodilus too that grows a little smaller than the yacare up to 2,50 mt long and close to 60 kilograms, this two species are a lot smaller than the Mugger crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris). In South America you can find three big crocodiles that commonly grow over 4 meters long that really are too big and powerful for any Jaguar, they are Orinoco Crocodiles (Crocodylus intermedius), American Crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) and Black Caimans (melanosuchus niger). 
Using Google....there are 4 jaguars confirmed in Southern Arizona. All of them males, the largest and most well-known being El Hefe "the bear killer." While the other 3 appear to be transients back and forth from Mexico to Arizona, El Hefe appears to be a permanent resident.
 
Credits to nickhil_nagle
The mighty jaguar  *This image is copyright of its original author "The eyes of the jaguar and the eye of the caiman each tell a different story. The jaguar has one of the most powerful bites in the animal kingdom and unlike other big cats it kills by a bite to the skull. This was what this female jaguar tried to do to the giant caiman too but she wasn't able to get a proper bite in and the struggle lasted for quite a while."
I know what it means, he's just been dubbed "the bear killer" by folks because he's been killing black bears.
From Wilderness Forever Foundation:
"Pantanal week: The hunt. A culmination of constantly patrolling the Cuiba river under the intense scrutiny of the sun and good luck resulted in a memorable sighting. A female jaguar lunged head first into a swamp catching a caiman off guard. It was way past sunset and the mosquitoes were out in full force but it was definitely worth it."  *This image is copyright of its original author
From Onçafari Jaguar Project:
"Joker carrying a Giant Anteater right in front of one of our Bushnell camera traps."
Video by @bertiegregory.
A huge male jaguar pulling a caiman out of the water up a slippery, muddy river bank in the northern Pantanal, Brazil. This jaguar demonstrated the meaning of the term power dragging this 8ft long, armour plated, 74 toothed, chunk of contracting muscle out of the water and into the bushes.
From Pantanal, Brazil,
Photo and information credits: Luciano Candisani "Momentos antes do golpe decisivo do predador. O socó-boi lutou bravamente mas sucumbiu ao ataque surpresa da onça pintada. Foi ontem a tarde, no Rio Cuiabá. A expedição fotográfica ao Pantanal, que lidero pela OneLapse Expedições Fotográficas, segue pelos domínios do maior felino das américas."  *This image is copyright of its original author
Something of relevance...
Whistling ‘super-cows’ could help save Colombia’s jaguars Conservationists and cattle ranchers in South America have teamed up to breed ‘super-cows’ that fend off attacks from jaguars and pumas. Fighting back isn’t what most people expect from highly domesticated, and supposedly docile, creatures like cows. But these criollo (cree-oh-yo) cattle, as they’re called, have two things going for them that most cows don’t.  *This image is copyright of its original author Criollo cattle have retained vital anti-predator traits that help them to defend against big cats like jaguars and pumas. Image: Rafael Hoogesteijn/Panthera First, they’re the descendants of livestock brought over during colonial rule from Portugal and the Andalucian region of Spain – prime bullfighting regions that today breed bulls from ancient stocks specifically for their aggression in the ring. Second, they’ve co-existed with jaguars and pumas for centuries now, ever since conquistadors and missionaries came to the continent. Over time, feral populations of Spanish and Portuguese cattle evolved to survive varied, and typically harsh conditions throughout Central and South America. Local farmers bred them to enhance certain traits further, creating at least two dozen criollo ecotypes adapted to specific conditions. In the Llanos region of Colombia, that means the local criollo cattle - known as San Martinero - can withstand the annual flooding of the savannah around the Orinoco River and the predictable drought that follows. The breed also retains what conservation biologist Esteban Payán calls 'anti-predator traits'. “We had been hearing from ranchers anecdotes of San Martinero cattle that defended themselves from jaguars and pumas,” Payán says. “And we started looking into that, and apparently it’s true.”  *This image is copyright of its original author Panthera's Esteban Payán at the Las Unamas Ranch in Colombia - one of ranches participating in the pilot project. Image: J. Silva/El Tiempo. Payán is the Northern South America Jaguar Program Regional Director with the global conservation group Panthera. He and his colleagues are trying to link prime habitat throughout the jaguar’s range from northern Mexico to Argentina through corridors that traverse private agricultural land. Panthera wants to ensure that core protected areas throughout the hemisphere remain connected to one another, even as expanding cattle ranches and palm oil plantations overrun the landscape and dissect jaguar pathways. Without continuous links, what’s now a single wide-ranging jaguar population could quickly become a collection of disjointed, isolated groups subject to inbreeding and, eventually, extinction. But jaguars kill cattle, particularly calves. And when jaguars kill cattle, ranchers kill jaguars. Traditionally, ranchers in the Llanos relied on San Martinero cattle to maintain their herds. But in the 20th century, they began switching to imported zebu (brahman) cattle from India to improve beef production. Some die-hards hung on to their San Martineros, and the Colombian Ministry of Agriculture maintained a herd for genetic research. But by the end of the 20th century only a few thousand remained. When conservationists heard San Martinero cattle could fend off jaguars, they saw an answer to one of their thorniest problems.  *This image is copyright of its original author A jaguar caught on camera moving through an oil-palm plantation in Colombia. Image: Panthera Colombia Zebu cattle flee when jaguars approach, leaving vulnerable calves behind. In contrast, San Martinero cattle stand their ground. Males and females both have pointy horns, and adults circle around calves to protect them. Bulls patrol the outer edges of the territory, and warn off predators with a distinctive whistle. According to Payán, jaguars actually learn the San Martinero whistle, and eventually avoid these herds. Payán cites other anti-predator traits as well: cows birth standing up and calves can stand almost immediately and wean quickly. “Just like wildebeest on the Serengeti,” he says.  *This image is copyright of its original author A San Martinerno bull standing beside the more common, but less hardy, Zebu cattle. Image: Rafael Hoogesteijn/Panthera But aggressive cattle alone won’t solve the ranching dilemma. To minimize predation, ranchers will need to adopt a combination of best practices that includes electric fencing, corralling at night, and in some cases synchronizing breeding. The ideal combination will vary depending on the size of the ranch, according to Payán, but in pilot projects in the Llanos of Colombia, Panthera is working with willing ranchers to find the right mix. Eventually, Payán hopes to provide free bulls to ranchers who agree not to kill jaguars and to implement his recommended management practices. Colleagues in Brazil’s Pantanal are doing similar work with other criollo breeds. If they succeed, the descendants of Spain’s famously aggressive bulls could help save an equally powerful creature: the largest cat in the New World. Now that’s something worth fighting for. https://www.earthtouchnews.com/conservation/conservation/whistling-super-cows-could-help-save-colombias-jaguars/ 
https://www.researchgate.net/publication..._of_Jaguar
The jaguar (Panthera onca) is the largest Neotropical felid and in many parts of its range reptiles form a significant but relatively minor component of its diet. However, in the seasonally flooded varzea forests of the Amazon, terrestrial mammals, which form an important component of jaguar diet in other habitats, are largely absent and jaguars switch to alternative prey, including arboreal mammals and reptiles. In the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve in the western Brazilian Amazon, we document predation by jaguars on two species of caiman (Caiman crocodilus and Melanosuchus niger), which are abundant in this varzea habitat. The smaller C. crocodilus seems to be particularly vulnerable because of its size and tendency to spend more time on land than the larger M. niger. Jaguars not only kill and eat caiman but are also a significant predator on eggs of both species. We place our findings into the context of jaguar predation on reptiles by reviewing studies of jaguar diet in a variety of biomes. Depredation by Jaguars on Caimans and Importance of Reptiles in the Diet of Jaguar (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232691313_Depredation_by_Jaguars_on_Caimans_and_Importance_of_Reptiles_in_the_Diet_of_Jaguar [accessed Jan 25 2018]. |
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