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Terrestrial Wild Animals
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Carnivorous and Omnivores Animals, Excluding Felids
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Canids (Canidae) & Hyaenids (Hyaenidae)
Wolf (Canis lupus)
Wolf (Canis lupus)
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Wolf (Canis lupus)
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Quote:I am not certain. I think there might be.
Quote:But there are no wolves in the area, although moose and bear populations are rising. If you think you've been seeing wolves across western Massachusetts, chances are you're actually seeing coyotes.
Quote:www.newstimes.com/news/article/Update-Gray-wolf-returns-to-New-England-43696.php
Quote:Suitable habitat now restricts wolves to remote areas of their traditional range. But conservation and education efforts will hopefully protect and preserve wolves throughout the world. There are no wolves in the wild in NJ, but you can visit them in captivity.
Quote:Extirpated. Coywolves are present. Maybe in the future, wolves will be coming back.
Quote:Coywolves are present. Wolves however ?
Quote:ALBANY — A wolf shot by a hunter a decade ago [Now nearly 2 decades ago] in the Adirondacks near Great Sacandaga Lake was the first proven wild wolf in New York in more than a century, according to a new study Monday from the New York State Museum.
Quote:Based on the approximation of one wolf per twenty-five km², ranges in Pennsylvania could support between two to six wolves, depending on range size. With the understanding of a single wolf needing twenty-five km², there was enough land for a population of approximately forty-five wolves in the state of Pennsylvania.
Quote:Both grey and red wolves once lived in Virginia. Today, both species of wolf have been extirpated within the state.
Quote:www.google.com/search?q=west+virginia+wolf+population&oq=West+Virginia+wolf&aqs=chrome.2.69i57j0l4j69i60l2j69i61.5736j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.
Quote:Today, about 40 red wolves roam their native habitats in eastern North Carolina as a non-essential, experimental population (NEP).
Quote:The Red Wolf is a native species of this state. They are in low numbers. Around 20-60 maybe
Quote:There are a low number of red wolves in Georgia. I can't seem to see how much however.
Quote:The Florida black wolf (Canis rufus floridanus) (Maine to Florida) has been extinct since 1908 and the Mississippi Quote:naturalunseenhazards.wordpress.com/2011/11/18/florida-resident-photographs-hunting-wolf-in-her-backyard-or-is-it-a-coyote-kansas-wildlife-officials-confirm-mountain-lion-sighting-in-atchinson-county-rabies-reports-from-florida-2-kan/   *This image is copyright of its original author (ODFW 2019)
List of Packs in Oregon as December 2019:
- Bear Creek
- Catherine
- Chesimnus
- Clark Creek
- Cornucopia
- Desolation
- Five Mile
- Five Points
- Grousle Flats (WAS)
- Heppner Pack
- Indigo Pack
- Keating
- Lookout Mt
- Middle Fork
- Minam
- Mt Emily
- North Emily
- Noregaard
- Northside
- Pine Creek
- Rogue Pack
- Ruckel Ridges
- Silver Lake Pack
- Snake River
- South Snake
- Walla Walla
- Wenaha
- White River Pack
- Wildcat
Small groups or lone wolves :
OR30
OR60
OR63
OR75
No longer Active :
- Harl Butte Pack
- Imnaha Pack
- Keno Wolves
- Meacham Pack
- OR76 Wolves
- Shamrock Pack
- Sled Springs Pack
- Umatilla River Pack
Source : ODFW and Pacific Wolf Family
103 Wolf Factoids (From Wolf Song Alaska)
(1) The wolf (Canis lupus ) / Order: Carnivore / Family: Canidae (2) The wolf is the largest in the wild canine family (3) The coyote evolved separately from the wolf over 500,000 years ago (4) The wolf has 42 teeth (5) The wolf has rounded ears (6) The wolf has a broad heavy muzzle (7) The wolf has extremely powerful jaws capable of generating 1,500 psi pressure (8) The wolf has one of the widest ranges of size, shape and color of any mammal in North America (9) The wolf lives in a pack, family oriented social structure 10) Mating season for the wolf occurs in February and March. 11) The gestation period for the wolf is 63 days (12) Wolf pups are born in April and May (13) The average litter size for the wolf is 4 to 7 pups (14) Litter size for the wolf depends on nutrition factors as well as fitness of the female (15) Mortality rates for wolf pups can be as high as 50% (16) Wolves have a vast communication repertoire including scent marks, vocalizations, visual displays, facial and body postures and rituals (17) Wolves communicate with each other more by harmony and integration rather than by aggression and submission (18) Wolves are territorial and defend their territory through vocalizations and scent marking (19) If necessary, wolves will attack other wolf intruders to protect their territory (20) There are two species of the wolf in North America, the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus ) and the Red Wolf (Canis rufus ) (21) In North America, there are five (5) recognized subspecies (occidentalis, nubilus, lycaon, arctos, baileyi) of the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) (22) The main threat to wolf populations is loss of habitat (23) Predation is not violence, it is the act of obtaining food for survival (24) The wolf is an ultimate predator at the top of the food chain (25) The wolf is designed for running, catching and killing large animals (26) The wolf is opportunistic and will attempt to catch the easiest and most vulnerable animal (27) The wolf can kill healthy animals but naturally seeks out the sick, the weak, crippled, old and young animals (28) The wolf primarily travels at a 5 mile per hour trot (29) In chases, the wolf can achieve estimated speeds of between 28 and 40 miles per hour for up to 20 minutes (30) Radio tracking wolves has been used in wildlife research since 1963 (31) Wolves are vulnerable to skull injury from kicking prey (32) The canine teeth "interlock" so the wolf can grip and hang on to struggling prey (33) The back teeth, or carnassial molars, are designed to crush bones and shear meat (34) The wolf uses facial display in ritual aggression, dominance, submission or fear (35) The wolf has 2 types of hair, "Guards and "Undercoat" (36) The hair of the wolf is shed in the spring and summer and sheds out in sheets unlike most dogs (37) The color of a wolf's pelt can be anywhere from white to black (38) The wolf uses its hair to communicate anger, dominance and aggression (39) The wolf's sense of smell is more than 100 times greater than a human (40) A wolf 'scent rolls' to promote interaction with other pack members (41) Dominance in a wolf pack is not necessarily established by brawn or direct attack (42) A wolf 'scent marks' its home range. This serves as messages, and provides warnings (43) The hierarchy in a wolf pack neutralizes aggression, reduces conflict and promotes social order (44) There are two hierarchies in a wolf pack, one for females and one for males (45) Change of rank in a wolf pack is more frequent in lower rank positions (46) Wolf pups, while low in hierarchy, have many privileges and social freedom (47) 'Ethology' is the study of animal behavior as a scientific counterpart to human psychology (48) The "Alpha" wolf is the highest ranking individual within the dominance hierarchy (49) "You just can't let nature run wild" by former Alaska Governor Walter J. Hickel (50) The "beta" wolf is the second ranking individual within the dominance hierarchy (51) The "omega" wolf is the lowest ranking individual within the dominance hierarchy (52) In the winter, the wolf's tail helps keep the face warm (53) Wolves breed only once a year; most dogs breed twice (54) In addition to the wolf (Canis lupus ), the genus Canis also contains the domestic dog, the coyote, the golden jackal, the black backed jackal, the side-striped jackal and the dingo (55) Three (3) geographic races of the red wolf have been recognized; the Florida Red Wolf, The Mississippi Red Wolf and the Texas Red Wolf (56) Wolves are often confused with Indian dogs, huskies, malemutes and German Shepherd Dogs (57) Arctic tundra, taiga, plains or steppes, savannahs, hardwood, softwood and mixed forest were all originally inhabited by the wolf (58) Adult male wolves average ninety-five to one hundred pounds and females about fifteen pounds less (59) Wolves howl to greet one another, to indicate their location, to define their territorial boundaries, and to call the pack together (60) Wolves can trot at five to ten miles per hour almost indefinitely (61) A wolf may spend as much as a third of its time on the move (62) The wolf is generally a docile animal with a strong aversion to fighting (63) Submissive behavior plays a big role in maintaining peace within the pack (64) A wolf's front feet are larger than their back feet (65) Packs hunt in territories of up to 600 square miles (66) A pack's home range will sometimes overlap the territory of another pack (67) In addition to howling, wolves bark, yap, whine, and growl (68) Litters of up to 14 pups are born in April through June (69) Pups emerge from the den at about one month of age (70) All members of a wolf pack take part in caring for the young (71) When pack members return from the hunt and they are nipped on the snout by the pups, the hunters regurgitate undigested meat for them (72) Wolves are considered to be competitors with people for game animals such as moose and caribou (73) Although wolves are feared throughout much of the world, documented attacks on people are extremely rare (74) Attempts to keep wolves as pets are not usually successful (75) Wolves use direct scenting, chance encounter, and tracking to locate prey (76) In scenting an animal, wolves must usually be downwind of the prey (77) Wolves are active at all times of the day in winter (78) Where waterways are plentiful, wolves often travel on the windswept and hardpacked ice in winter (79) Wolves actually have a low hunting success rate (80) To catch enough food, wolves must hunt often and test many animals before finding one that they can catch and kill (81) Most packs contain less than eight members (82) Wolves bear an average of six young per litter (83) Strong bonds are needed to hold a pack together; if there were no bonds, each wolf would go its separate way (84) Most packs include a pair of breeding adults, pups, and extra adults that may also breed (85) Ambushing is used by both single wolves and by packs (86) Wolves at one time had an extensive range, occurring throughout North America, Europe, Asia, and Japan (87) The only substantial population of wolves left at present in the contiguous 48 states inhabits northern Minnesota (88) The range of the red wolf once extended from eastern Texas to Georgia and Florida and northward through Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Illinois (89) The basic unit of wolf society is the pack (90) The wolf's front teeth are sharp and pointed and adapted to puncturing, slashing, and clinging (91) The wolf's pointed premolars and molars are useful for tearing and shearing once the prey has been killed (92) The wolf's massive rear molars aid in cracking and crushing bones (93) The wolf does little chewing (94) A wolf can consume almost twenty pounds of prey at a feeding (95) Wolves can maintain a chase for at least twenty minutes (96) The wolf feeds almost exclusively on flesh, bones, and other animal matter (97) Lone wolves have no social territory and rarely scent-mark or howl (98) The range size for a given pack of wolves depends on many environmental factors, particularly prey density (99) It is common for wolves to be moving eight to ten hours in a day (100) A pack may cover distances from 30-125 miles in a day (101) Wolves possess upwards of two hundred million olfactory cells (102) A wolf's tail hangs while the tail of the dog tends to be held high and is often curly. (103) Wolves become sexually mature at approximately twenty-two months. What is a Wolf Personality Like?
Lisa Matthews / Volunteer / Wolf Song of Alaska
All wolves have individual personalities just like people do and no two are alike. Personalities develop through an individual's unique emotions and thoughts resulting in different behaviors and are influenced by both one's genetic make-up and the type of things one is exposed to in the living environment. Genetically, different personalities have evolved and persist because, given various environmental conditions, some traits are more advantageous than others at any given time - traits that could help ensure one's particular survival. We can make some generalities when it comes to describing the wolf personality just like one could do for the entire human species, such as imaginative, intelligent etc. After that, we must take into account the individual differences. Let's talk about both - the generalities and some documented individual personalities of the wolf. In The Wolf: The Ecology and Behavior of an Endangered Species, by David Mech, it is written that the strongest impression wolves can make on an observer is how friendly they are. Adults are friendly toward each other and amiable towards pups. There is an innate good feeling happening between them. Research has shown us that it appears that this quality in the wolf's personality is related most directly to the animal's social nature. Indeed, probably the wolf's strongest personality trait is its capacity for making emotional attachments to other individuals. Such attachments must form quickly and firmly and they begin to develop when the wolves are just a few weeks old. The pups become distressed when away from familiar individuals and objects and are relieved when they are back near them. This ability to form emotional attachments to other individuals results in the formation of the pack, or family, as the unit of wolf society. When wolf pups are raised by human beings, this social tendency is especially noticeable. The animals usually become extremely attached to the humans and any dogs with which they have early or considerable contact. A second characteristic of wolf personality might surprise many people who think of wolves as savage and vicious. The reality is that wolves have a basic aversion to fighting and will do much to avoid any aggressive encounters. It has been observed that a tame wolf had become frantically upset upon witnessing its first dog fight. As described in the same book noted above, the distressed wolf intervened and eventually broke up the fight by pulling the aggressor off by the tail. The wolf generally possesses a kind personality that in humans would be labeled "agreeable." A nonviolent nature usually would be very advantageous, considering that these animals spend most of their time in the company of other wolves. A pack would function very inefficiently if its members were constantly at each other's throats. Under certain circumstances, however, a wolf can be aggressive, such as when harassing prey, meeting strange wolves, and when protecting the den or pups from other predators. One would naturally deem these situation-specific aggressive behaviors as advantageous as well. On a side note, it would be wrong to think that aggression is never present in the wolf or any species for that matter (including humans). It would also be wrong to think that gentleness is not present in the wolf or any other species. Life as we know it cannot exist without some aggression just as it could not without cooperation and gentleness (especially among social animals). A balance between aggressive behaviors and cooperation is always being sought with differing degrees of each depending on environmental circumstances which have over time been naturally selected to favor certain behavioral traits. Most of us have heard by now that the wolf is an extremely intelligent species. Dr. Gordon C. Haber, a noted wolf biologist in Alaska's Denali National Park and Preserve, has said that if you imagine the most unusually intelligent, emotional, and sensitive dog you have ever knownŠ that that's how all wolves are - that extraordinariness is just commonplace among them. It is necessary for their survival. Scientists in the social sciences understand that intelligence is a difficult thing to define and measure. When studying even human intelligence, there are all sorts of biases and difficulties making IQ results not an absolute description of one's intelligence. Nevertheless, we can say that wolves are very intelligent based on the overwhelming evidence that they have a good ability to remember, to associate events, and to learn. In northern Minnesota, where wolves were persecuted extensively by aerial hunters, they soon learned to avoid open areas whenever they heard an aircraft. Once the planes had disappeared the wolves would proceed to cross the open area. Additionally, land hunters often claim that the wolf is such an intelligent animal that it makes hunting them a mighty challenge. We can see wolves' ability to adapt in the following example as well: In areas where there are both deer and moose the wolves show a preference to hunt deer (because they are smaller), however, on Isle Royale where the only large prey is moose, the wolves there have learned to kill these animals efficiently. Another example of wolf intelligence involves a tame wolf separated from its alpha human for three years. When they were reunited, the wolf was still was able to recognize the man. The few examples cited above demonstrate that the wolf shows a high degree of adaptability to varying conditions, is able to learn readily, and does retain learned information for a long time. So what about individual wolf personalities? Indeed, individual wolves vary greatly, as those people who have reared them can attest. Once again, the common idea of the wolf being a ferocious creature is not what people who live closely to wolves for a long time see. What happens is that they are struck by their friendly nature and their varied and unique individual characters. Once more from David Mech's book noted above, we can find a documented account of the personalities of a variety of wolves held in captivity. The observer characterizes one male wolf as lordly, timid, and luxury-loving. Another wolf, a female, was described as being fearless, happy, playful, and inventive. Another female was described as a hearty, affectionate, not jealous, and of the undemanding sort. One male was seen as aggressive. Finally, the observer described another female as being sober, gentle, and withdrawn. Others who have enjoyed the company of wolves have described some individuals as confident, tolerant, and generous natural leaders, as wild and playful, as supportive and full of affection, as strong but kind, patient, and dignified, as not confident, less tolerant or easy-going, as happy, resilient and stern, and as relaxed, kind, lovable and never harsh. Now, hasn't your personality ever been stifled by the various roles we must play in our society, i.e., having to subordinate yourself to you boss when you'd rather tell him or her how to do things? Often described as the masks we humans must wear to operate within our cultures, wolves must don these superficial masks too! Wolves must role play within their packs befitting to one's particular status. They are acting. They could just as easily shift from being a dominant wolf to a subordinate wolf and vice versa as conditions change and show all the traits associated with those roles. Keep in mind that a wolf's real personality is often hidden under the character of his or her social position. Intelligent, non-aggressive, and friendly with the ability to make strong emotional attachments are among those traits we can generalize about the magnificent wolf. Individual traits seem as varied and as similar to our own. It is of no wonder that so many people feel such an affinity and connection with this beautiful and complex animal.  
Indian Wolf
 *This image is copyright of its original author  *This image is copyright of its original author Grade: B Indian wolves occupy <40% of their potential habitats in India, with populations likely decreasing. They are threatened by habitat loss, prey depletion, persecution, competition with and disease-risk from free-ranging/domestic dogs, and hybridization with dogs. The Indian wolf inhabits large parts of the Indian peninsula. It is perhaps the smallest wolf sub-species. Indian wolves are grassland dwellers. Although, over time they have co-adapted with humans to thrive in shared spaces such as agricultural fields. Indian wolves are found across semi-arid areas of western, central and southern India. https://www.wildcanids.net/indian-wolf.html
@Sanju do you mind if i use your post (#386) for my thread on my forum : Indian Wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) population
Wolf Lovers : Feel Free to join The Domain of the Wolf. Link : Remembering OR-7 OR-7, also known as Journey, is a male gray wolf that was electronically tracked as he migrated from the Wallowa Mountains in northeastern corner of the U.S. state of Oregon to the southern Cascade Range. After the wolf left his pack in 2011, he wandered generally southwest for more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) through Oregon and northern California. He was the :
By 2014, OR-7 had settled in the Rogue River watershed in the southern Cascade Range east of Medford, Oregon, with a mate. It is not known when the two wolves met, but DNA tests of fecal samples showed that she is related to wolves in two of the eight packs in northeastern Oregon. In early 2015, officials designated the two adult wolves and their offspring as the Rogue Pack, the first wolf pack in western Oregon and the state's ninth overall since wolves returned to Oregon from Idaho in the 1990s The batteries in OR-7's tracking collar expired in October 2015, and monitoring the pack since then has depended on trail cameras and live sightings. Meanwhile, other wolves have migrated into the mountainous cross-border region, and relatives of OR–7 have formed two packs in northern California. OR-7 was not observed at the 2020 winter count of wolves in Oregon, and as of April 2020 is presumed to have died. Background : Wolves were reintroduced into the Northern Rocky Mountains in the 1990s.[4] In February 2011, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) attached radio collars to several wolves in the Imnaha Pack in northeastern Oregon to allow study of their migration.[5] The pack was Oregon's first since wolves returned to the state.[6] The wolves were numbered; one of them, a year-old male from the pack's second litter,[7] was given the code OR-7 as the seventh wolf to be collared [4] : "OR-7, Rare Gray Wolf That Crossed Into California, Likely Photographed" [5] : "Oregon Wolf Conservation and Management Plan 2011 Annual Report" [6 and 7] : Beckie, Elgin. Journey: the amazing story of OR-7, the Oregon wolf that made history. [8] : "Wandering Wolf Back in Oregon" (March 2012) [9] : "Wandering Wolf OR-7 Moves Within 10 Miles of Oregon" (February 23th, 2012) Migration : As is common for non-dominant wolf males, OR-7 left the Imnaha Pack in the Wallowa Mountains near Joseph in September 2011, presumably in search of a mate. "OR-7 Returns to Oregon Apparently Still Looking for Love" (March 2, 2012) In November 2011, he became the first wolf detected in western Oregon in more than 60 years when he was photographed east of Butte Falls by an automatic trail camera. This marked the first known wild wolf presence in southwestern Oregon since 1946. The wolf crossed the border into northern California in late December, becoming the first documented wolf in the state since 1924 "California Welcomes Wild Wolf for First time in 87 Years" (January 2012) OR-7 remained in California, trekking through Siskiyou, Shasta and Lassen counties until heading north to Klamath County, Oregon, in March 2012 OR-7 soon made his way to Jackson County. By then the wolf had traveled more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km). OR-7 returned to California, spending the summer in the Plumas National Forest south of Mount Lassen, and as of December 2012 had migrated to near Lake Almanor. He returned to Oregon in March 2013. OR-7's migration captured the attention of viewers around the world after the story "went viral" in early December 2011. In 2012, OR-7 was named "Journey" through an art and naming competition for children sponsored by the non-profit group Oregon Wild. The conservation group acknowledged that the naming contest "was part of an effort to make the wolf too famous to kill". Steve Pedery, conservation director of Oregon Wild, said of the wolf: "Journey is the most famous wolf in the world. It is not surprising that the paparazzi finally caught up with him." Pack Formation In May 2014, remote cameras in the Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest captured photographs of OR-7 along with a female wolf who might have mated with him. A month later, biologists from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the ODFW returned to southwest Oregon, photographed two wolf pups, and took fecal samples for DNA testing to determine the relationship of the pups to OR-7.[17][18][19] By September, tests run at the University of Idaho confirmed that OR-7's mate is a wolf, that the two pups are their offspring, and that the mate is related to the wolves in the Minam and Snake River packs of northeastern Oregon.[15] The birth of wolf pups so close to the state border raised the probability of a future long-term wolf population in California. In June 2014, the California Fish and Game Commission voted 3–1 to protect those wolves under the state Endangered Species Act.[20] The adult wolves and their pups remained east of Medford in the Rogue River watershed, and in early 2015 officials named the group the Rogue Pack, the ninth contemporary wolf pack in Oregon.[21] By July, wildlife biologists found evidence that OR-7 and his mate had produced a second litter of pups.[22] A month later, trail cameras identified two new pups, bringing the known total of wolves in this pack to seven.[23] By 2016, the pack size had grown to nine.[2] The batteries in OR–7's Global Positioning System tracking unit expired in October 2015.[24] Officials decided to replace the collar in order to keep track of the pack,[20] which is protected under Oregon law and the federal Endangered Species Act.[21] However, attempts to trap OR-7 or other members of the pack failed, and further tracking of OR-7 depended on trail cameras and live sightings.[24] A trail camera in the Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest captured an image of OR-7 and one of his offspring in early 2016.[25] After four steers were killed by wolves in Wood River Valley in western Klamath County (immediately east of Jackson County) near where OR–7 was last seen, biologists said efforts to trap and re-collar the wolf would likely resume and that tracking could alert ranchers concerned about their livestock.[26][27] On October 3, 2017, biologists caught and collared OR-54, another Rogue Pack wolf, thought to be OR-7's daughter, traveling with the pack in Wood River Valley.[28] In lieu of another tracking device on OR-7, the collar on OR-54 will allow officials to track the movements and behaviors of the pack.[29] OR-54 was found dead on February 5, 2020, in Shasta County.[30] OR-7 was seen in Oregon in fall 2019 but was not found at the state count of wolves the following winter, and as of April 2020 is presumed to have died at about 11 years old, an advanced age for a wild wolf.[31][32] Since 2015, wolves outside the Rogue Pack have also migrated to western Oregon. These include what officials have termed the "Keno Pair" near Keno, further south in Klamath County, and the "Silver Lake Wolves" in Lake County.[15][22][33][34] The Oregon wolf population reached an estimated minimum of 110 in 2015,[15][35] and 112 in 2017.[36] [17] :"Biologists Think Wolf OR-7 Has Pups in S. Ore" (June 2014) [18] : "Oregon Wolf OR-7 Appears to Have Found a Mate After 3-Year Journey" (May 2014) [19] : "OR7, The Wandering Wolf, Looks for Love in All the Right Places" (May 2014) [20] : "Meet Wolf OR7's New Pups; California Moves to Protect Species" (June 4th, 2014) [21] :"Oregon's Wandering Wolf, OR-7, Gets Official Pack Status" (January 2015) [22] : House, Kelly (July 8, 2015). "OR-7 and His Mate Raise More Pups". The Oregonian. p. A4. [23] : "Oregon's Famed OR-7 Adds at Least 2 Pups to Its Pack" (August 2015) [31 & 32] : "California's celebrated gray wolf, OR-7, presumed dead" (April 15, 2020) "Wandering wolf that captivated the world is believed dead" (April 16, 2020) About his dispersal to California Although OR-7 was the first gray wolf to visit California in nearly 100 years, other wolves have since migrated to Siskiyou County, just south of the Oregon–California border. In 2015, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) released a photo of the Shasta Pack, consisting of two adults and five pups. The breeding pair came from the same pack as OR-7, making them his siblings. In 2017, the CDFW and the U.S. Forest Service determined that at least three wolf pups from a second pack, the Lassen Pack, can be traced to OR-7. One of OR-7s male offspring mated with another wolf to produce the pups, the birth of which made Journey a grandfather. The Lassen Pack, which lives in Lassen National Forest, is California's second pack since wolves were eradicated from the state in the 1920s. In June 2017, CDFW biologists fitted the female of the Lassen Pack breeding pair with a tracking collar. "Documentary of Oregon's Wandering Wolf, OR-7, Screened at Hollywood Theatre" (May 2014)  *This image is copyright of its original author (OR-7)
(Photo of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife.)
He weighed approximately 90 pounds when collared with a radio transmitter by Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) in February 2011. He is referred to by biologists as OR7 because he was the seventh wolf radio-collared in Oregon.
 *This image is copyright of its original author OR-7 and one of the Rogue Pack offspring, Feb 26, 2016. Photo of the USFWS.
 *This image is copyright of its original author Breeding female of the Rogue Pack, May 3, 2014. Photo of the USFWS She is the mate of OR-7 From my thread : OR-7 ("Journey") - Life of an icon (April 2009- 2020) (06-17-2020, 09:28 PM)TheNormalGuy Wrote: @Sanju do you mind if i use your post (#386) for my thread on my forum : Indian Wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) populationYeah buddy. Feel free to use I don't mind 
Gray Wolves Impact Elk inside Yellowstone
How wolves in Yellowstone have impacted their environment is an evolving story. What's happened regarding ungulate populations, hunter harvest, domestic livestock, and land use.
STAFF [UPDATED : JUN 1, 2017] ORIGINAL : JAN 21, 2007
 *This image is copyright of its original author Bull Elk. (Photo by Steven Robertson) How wolves in Yellowstone have impacted their environment is an evolving story, but federal biologists have tried to match what they predicted a decade ago in an Environmental Impact Statement, with what's happened regarding ungulate populations, hunter harvest, domestic livestock, and land use.
Research was published in the winter 2005 edition of Yellowstone Science. Authors include P.J. White, the park's ungulate biologist; Doug Smith, the park's wolf biologist; Terry McEneaney, the park's ornithologist; Glenn Plumb, the park's supervisory wildlife biologist; Mike Jimenez, the Wyoming wolf project leader for the U.S. Fish %26 Wildlife Service; and John Duffield, a professor of economics for the University of Montana.
Wolves vs. Elk Findings
- Wolves are altering the abundance, distribution, group sizes, movements and vigilance of elk. There are some indications that these interactions may be causing new growth in willows as elk are kept on the move by wolves and don't stay to browse in any one area very long.
- Elk are the primary prey for wolves, comprising 92 percent of kills during the winter. In the early stages of wolf recovery (1995-2000) predation effects were not detected because the elk count was similar to 1980-1994.
- Counts of elk decreased significantly from 16,791 in winter 1995 to 8,335 in winter 2004 as the number of wolves on the northern range increased from 21 to 106. Factors contributing to this decrease include bear and wolf predation, increased human harvests, winter-kill (1997), and drought's impact. - Wolves have not reduced mule deer or bison populations. Mule deer remain within 1 percent of a 17-year average of 2,014 deer, while the bison population grew 15 percent. There are no reliable estimates of moose populations following wolf restoration. Moose represent less than 4 percent of wolf diets in winter and only 26 instances of wolf predation on moose were recorded in Yellowstone during 1995-2003. - Kill rates by wolves in winter are 22 ungulates per wolf per year – higher than the 12 ungulates per wolf rate predicted in the ESA. - Since 2000, wolves have caused 45 percent of known deaths and 75 percent of predation deaths (not including human harvests) of radio-collared female elk on the northern range. By comparison, human harvest and winter-kill accounted for 30 percent and 8 percent respectively of the known deaths. - The average annual harvest of 1,372 elk during the Gardiner late elk hunts from 1995 to 2004 was higher than the long-term average of 1,014 elk during 1976-1994. Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks has reduced antlerless permits by 51 percent from 2,882 to 1,400 during 2000-2004 and recently proposed 100 permits for 2006 – a 96 percent decrease from the 2,660 permits issued in 1995. [Note : The elk kills proportion by wolves decreased in recents years] Source : Gray Wolves Impact Elk inside Yellowstone Possible wolf sighting reported in Larimer County
Kevin Lytle, Fort Collins Coloradoan Published 8:46 a.m. MT June 13, 2020 | Updated 2:22 p.m. MT June 13, 2020
Have wolves traveled into Larimer County?
Colorado Parks and Wildlife officials are attempting to confirm a credible wolf sighting in the Laramie River Valley in Larimer County, according to a news release.
The animal was sighted wearing a tracking collar, which shows that it might be a dispersal wolf from a known pack in Montana or Wyoming. Flights and ground crews have been unable to detect a signal or visually confirm the wolf.
Quote:If wolves are confirmed in Larimer County it would be the farthest east they've been in Colorado in nearly a century. In the northwest corner of Colorado, Parks and Wildlife staff continue to monitor the state's first known wolf pack since the 1930s. As many as six wolves have been confirmed.
There's also a confirmed wolf in the North Park area and a new report of a wolf in Grand County.
Wolves are a federally endangered species in Colorado. Killing a wolf in the state is a federal crime and can be punishable with up to a year in prison and a $100,000 fine.
This year's confirmed reappearance of wolves in the state comes amid an effort to reintroduce wolf packs to Colorado through a November ballot measure. The natural reappearance of wolves was expected in the state, though ecologists said it could be in a matter of years or decades in previous interviews with the Coloradoan.
Anyone who sees or hears a wolf is encouraged to submit the sighting to the Colorado Parks and Wildlife. Source : Possible wolf sighting reported in Larimer County This would be amazing news both for wolves conservation and Colorado Wildlife. I can make a count of wolves for the pleasure of our visitors : As of June 13, 2020 : There is possibly 9 wolves [maybe more] in Colorado, Including a pack [the first since the 1930's] of 6 wolves. 1) A 6-wolves pack in NW Colorado 2) Confirmed Wolf Report in North Park Area 3) A new wolf report in Grand County 4) A wolf in Larimer County This is, folks, without the wolf being reintroduced, but dispersing wolves of others states. This is very encouraging. *This post was copied from the Colorado Wolf Population of my forum : The Domain of the Wolf. Feel Free to look it up and join if you want. - TNG |
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