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Cheetah Reintroduction in India

Sanju Offline
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#31

(02-06-2019, 02:53 AM)smedz Wrote: This also makes me wonder how the Cheetahs would interact with the Indian Wolves, I'm sure at least male Cheetah coalitions would hate them as much as tigers hate Dholes.

Umm.. They coexisted before so nothing special now. Indian wolf generally lives in smaller packs rarely exceeding 6-8 individuals and weighs 25 kg on average. Some males may live on their own for sometime in search for other territories and packs. A cheetah weighs about 28.5 and 65.0 kg.

Generally cheetah temperament is ridiculous low and tolerance is unimaginably high. They don't like inter-specific conflicts at any costs. They don't even like to fight with vultures over a kill but not always this is true, when they get pissed off, they may charge and injure small carnivores like Jackals but may kill them.

They are strong enough to fight with lots of competitors, but they won't, this is thier evolutionary advantage, that brought speed to them in the cost of losing strength and battling abilities. They can make mock charges, when threatened itself/cubs but leave their kills on spot. They are the most victimized predator to kleptoparasitism. They don't want fight mostly coz their energy is precious which is their lifeline for their speed and instant acceleration abilities and apart from that their slender build for speed can't afford big blows and wounds during fights which bring disability to hunt and physical body. Hence, during infighting too serious fights are extremely rare most of them end up in intimidation (you know how it looks like) and fight to death is even rarer for territories and mates during infighting.

In an imaginary scenario when a lone wolf or a couple threatens cheetah or it's cubs, this is a rough image that you will help in perception. If its a male coalition, they may chase away them but don't fight and kill. Imagine an Indian wolf in the place of that black backed jackal.

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Sanju Offline
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( This post was last modified: 02-22-2019, 06:58 PM by Sanju )

Cheetahs from Namibia to be kept at Nauradehi sanctuary, NTCA tells SC

Quote:The Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, has supported the proposal to re-introduce cheetahs in the country.

*This image is copyright of its original author

India's last spotted cheetah had died in 1947. In 1952, the animal was declared extinct in the country.

African cheetahs, to be translocated in India from Namibia, will be kept at Nauradehi wildlife sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh, the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) told the Supreme Court on Friday.

It said the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which provides inputs to governments and institutions on biodiversity, climate change and sustainable development, has given no objection for the translocation.

India's last spotted cheetah had died in 1947. In 1952, the animal was declared extinct in the country.

The matter came up for hearing before a bench comprising Justices S A Bobde and Deepak Gupta on Friday and the counsel representing NTCA told the court that Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, has also supported the proposal to re-introduce cheetahs in the country.

NTCA's counsel said: "We are suggesting Nauradehi sanctuary in Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh (for keeping cheetahs)".

The counsel said NTCA was only seeking a clarification that there is no blanket ban of the apex court on re-introduction of cheetahs in the country.

However, one of the counsels appearing in the matter told the top court as to why the NTCA were not re-introducing Indian cheetahs in the country.

"They (NTCA) want to re-introduce African cheetahs. Indian cheetahs are available in Iran. Why they are not re-introducing Indian cheetahs?," the counsel said.

The bench said that the matter was required to be heard and posted it for hearing on March 12.

The NTCA had earlier told the court that IUCN has said it would co-operate with India in translocation of Cheetahs from Namibia.

The authority had also referred to the apex court's 2013 decision rendered in a wildlife case and said it does not prevent the authorities from taking steps in conformity with the law to relocated cheetahs from Africa to suitable sites in India.

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/new...c&from=mdr

Show me better news than this...
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smedz Offline
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#33

(02-22-2019, 06:56 PM)Sanju Wrote: Cheetahs from Namibia to be kept at Nauradehi sanctuary, NTCA tells SC

Quote:The Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, has supported the proposal to re-introduce cheetahs in the country.

*This image is copyright of its original author

India's last spotted cheetah had died in 1947. In 1952, the animal was declared extinct in the country.

African cheetahs, to be translocated in India from Namibia, will be kept at Nauradehi wildlife sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh, the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) told the Supreme Court on Friday.

It said the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which provides inputs to governments and institutions on biodiversity, climate change and sustainable development, has given no objection for the translocation.

India's last spotted cheetah had died in 1947. In 1952, the animal was declared extinct in the country.

The matter came up for hearing before a bench comprising Justices S A Bobde and Deepak Gupta on Friday and the counsel representing NTCA told the court that Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, has also supported the proposal to re-introduce cheetahs in the country.

NTCA's counsel said: "We are suggesting Nauradehi sanctuary in Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh (for keeping cheetahs)".

The counsel said NTCA was only seeking a clarification that there is no blanket ban of the apex court on re-introduction of cheetahs in the country.

However, one of the counsels appearing in the matter told the top court as to why the NTCA were not re-introducing Indian cheetahs in the country.

"They (NTCA) want to re-introduce African cheetahs. Indian cheetahs are available in Iran. Why they are not re-introducing Indian cheetahs?," the counsel said.

The bench said that the matter was required to be heard and posted it for hearing on March 12.

The NTCA had earlier told the court that IUCN has said it would co-operate with India in translocation of Cheetahs from Namibia.

The authority had also referred to the apex court's 2013 decision rendered in a wildlife case and said it does not prevent the authorities from taking steps in conformity with the law to relocated cheetahs from Africa to suitable sites in India.

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/new...c&from=mdr

Show me better news than this...
Finally, looks like Cheetahs are finally going back to India. I just hope this is successful.
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Sanju Offline
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#34

(02-23-2019, 04:32 AM)smedz Wrote: Finally, looks like Cheetahs are finally going back to India. I just hope this is successful.
Yeah. :)
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Sanju Offline
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#35
( This post was last modified: 04-05-2019, 09:13 PM by Sanju )

This is Nauradehi Sanctuary.. (One of the biggest Sanctuary in India).

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Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary, covering about 1,197 km2 (462 sq mi), is the largest wildlife sanctuary of Madhya Pradesh state in India. This wildlife sanctuary is a part of 5500 km2 of forested landscape. It is located in the centre of the state covering parts of Sagar, Damoh, Narsinghpur, and Raisen Districts. This place can hold 70 cheetahs at max.

Only keystone species may be not that effective as Lion and Cheetah left is wolf. Bengal Tiger presence is confirmed here as it is connected with Bandhavgarh and Panna and reintroduction efforts are done to strengthen that.

Herbivores living here are abundant: [[Four-horned antelope (Chousingha), chinkara (Indian gazelle), blackbuck antelope, barking deer, chital (spotted deer)]]--->Primary cheetah diet, nilgai (blue bull), wild boar, sambar deer, grey langur and rhesus macaque and "Gaur".


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Recently 155 cheetals shifted to Nauradehi

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FELT LIKE AFRICA??? @smedz
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smedz Offline
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#36

(02-23-2019, 09:29 AM)Sanju Wrote: This is Nauradehi Sanctuary.. (One of the biggest Sanctuary in India).

*This image is copyright of its original author


*This image is copyright of its original author


*This image is copyright of its original author

Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary, covering about 1,197 km2 (462 sq mi), is the largest wildlife sanctuary of Madhya Pradesh state in India. This wildlife sanctuary is a part of 5500 km2 of forested landscape. It is located in the centre of the state covering parts of Sagar, Damoh, Narsinghpur, and Raisen Districts. This place can hold 70 cheetahs at max.

Only keystone species may be not that effective as Lion and Cheetah left is wolf. Bengal Tiger presence is confirmed here as it is connected with Bandhavgarh and Panna and reintroduction efforts are done to strengthen that.

Herbivores living here are abundant: [[Four-horned antelope (Chousingha), chinkara (Indian gazelle), blackbuck antelope, barking deer, chital (spotted deer)]]--->Primary cheetah diet, nilgai (blue bull), wild boar, sambar deer, grey langur and rhesus macaque and "Gaur".


*This image is copyright of its original author

*This image is copyright of its original author

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*This image is copyright of its original author

*This image is copyright of its original author

*This image is copyright of its original author

*This image is copyright of its original author

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Recently 155 cheetals shifted to Nauradehi

*This image is copyright of its original author

*This image is copyright of its original author

*This image is copyright of its original author

*This image is copyright of its original author


FELT LIKE AFRICA??? @smedz

Kinda yeah, looks like a great place to put the Cheetahs. I must ask though, have leopards and Dholes been confirmed in the area? It'll be interesting to see Cheetahs interacting with tigers in the wild after like what more than 50 years?
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Sanju Offline
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#37
( This post was last modified: 02-23-2019, 07:26 PM by Sanju )

(02-23-2019, 07:14 PM)smedz Wrote: Kinda yeah, looks like a great place to put the Cheetahs. I must ask though, have leopards and Dholes been confirmed in the area? It'll be interesting to see Cheetahs interacting with tigers in the wild after like what more than 50 years?

Don't worry our cheetah won't get bored... Wink

Like I said in the prev post, it has Bengal tiger, Indian wolf obviously... Others are

 Indian leopard, striped hyena, wild dog (Dhole), Bengal fox, Muggar crocodile, golden jackal, bears and Monitor lizard analogous to African Leopard, Spotted Hyena, Painted Dog, Nile croc, african foxes, Golden jackal and Rock monitor.

Extra adds are Sloth Bear, Wolf (actually not for Asian cheetah but this is Namibian cheetah, so no wolf) and Tiger replacing Lion...
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Sanju Offline
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( This post was last modified: 02-28-2019, 04:18 PM by Sanju )

After the tiger, Cheetah is coming to Nauradehi, Vast Grassland grounds are ready even prior to its arrival

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The proposal is sent by Nairadehi DFO for the Vet Hospital and Rescue Center. All preparations has already been done almost completely even before cheetah's arrival.


Sagar, Madhya Pradesh

Pradesh's (MP) biggest and largest Sanctuary (WLS)- Nauradehi draft or Project of bringing Cheetahs to India is seems to happen surely.

After the approval and recommendation of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), everything is going as planned in the right way perfectly.

Quote:Sanctuary's officials saying is that "if the Supreme Court (SC) permits the reintroduction of Cheetah on the appeal of National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) of Wildlife Institute of India (WII), then the Nauradehi Sanctuary is fully prepared and ready".

Since the Cheetah's Habitat is GRASSLANDS, Hence, Nauradehi WLS now has over 400 sq km of Plain Grasslands environment going to be  vacant and ready after the displacement and relocation of the villages outside. That is, almost equal to the area of the Panna tiger reserve (450 sq km), which will be only Grasslands area for only Cheetah in Nauradehi. (@smedz)

Project was prepared 6 to 8 years ago
According to the information, project of Cheetah Reintroduction in the Nauradehi WildLife Sanctuary was prepared about six-eight years ago.


Quote:For this, about Rs. 3000 crores were planned, in which there were instructions to make other arrangements, including expenditure on the displacement of villages residing in the sanctuary.

While preparing the proposal, it was planned to displace 23 villages, but gradually their number has reached 37 villages to relocate and so far 10 villages have been completely displaced outside the park.

Expert team doing studies and research
According to information received from the forest department, about 15 to 18 wildlife experts are currently studying for tigers and cheetahs relocation in Nauradehi. They are providing feedback from time to time about the climate and temperature changes, Biodiversity, Atmosphere and water resources.

These arrangements
In the last few years, many arrangements have been made to protect forest and wild animals in the Nauradehi Sanctuary. This is the reason that tigers have been relocated here last year.

The Sanctuary team has fitted the cameras here, so Dog and Anti-Poaching Squads are working to prevent hunters, Poachers and Smugglers mafia of Wood and wildlife. Not only that, the DRONES will be used here for continuous monitoring and surveillance in the forest area.


We are ready
The proposal has been sent almost three or four months before that we need Vet Hospital. Forest department and Sanctuary  team are fully prepared and ready to conserve Cheetahs. Along with protection and safety,  around 400 sq. Km of Grasslands are also ready for Cheetahs.

Dr. Ankur Awadhiya, DFO, Nauridehi Sanctuary

(Show me Better news than this, now even the GOD (SC) can't stop Cheetah's return to its Homeland)
Excellent, marvelous, hats off to NTCA, IUCN, Supreme Court, WII, MP govt (Congress), Forest dept. Great Effort, now it's 200 percent ready for relocation and cheetah will arrive for sure.

It will be the Indian Serengeti with Tiger in place of Lion along with Cheetah and Leopard. I don't think SC will negotiate or deny even after IUCN recommendation and efforts from NTCA, WII, MOEF, MP govt and many expert panels, committees, Institutes and Organizations even some not good people in the panel opposes it in SC.

And the SC going to hear the NTCA's Plea further on March 12


About Dog Squads in Nauradehi:

Believing to protect the teak and wild animals, the department brought Belgian shepherd dog
In the Nauradehi Sanctuary, tiger and tigress have found their friendly natural environment after decades where they can live freely...

*This image is copyright of its original author

 
The responsibility of protecting not only tigers but also other animals and precious teak from the poachers and smugglers is on the shoulders of the forest department. 

Regrettably, what will happen if gardeners only destroy the farm? The same happened in Nauradehi in the last few days when Tendukheda and Taradehi area of Tindani and Sarra forest's teak was consumed in large quantities by rangers and subordinated forest administration.

It is probed by Tiger Strike Force. Now the department has trusted a dog to protect the wildlife from hunters and teak smugglers. Belgian Shepherd Dog is now a new guest of Nauradehi. This clever-agile dog is not only expert in evading evidence, but also has potential to teach a good lesson to smugglers and tear off chunks from hunters.


Helped in solving two cases
Belgian Shepherd Dog has helped the department in solving two cases related to teak harvesting while stepping into Nauradehi. He searched for used wood cutting tools in above case of smuggling and found pieces of meat/blood/flesh of hunted wild animals when poached. Nauradehi DFO Dr. Ankur Awadhiya is very happy in getting this dog.

He told that the dog will roam in the range and it will be sent there for any special investigation. Dr. Awadhiya says that the department staff is in charge of allegations in Teak harvesting in Nauradehi. Some of these have been penalized too. This dog will satisfy the Dog Department's expectations in curbing the teak cutting and protecting wildlife.

Same in panna, kanha and Pench
Before Naurdehi, Belgium Shepherd is there in Panna- 3, Kanha-1 and Pench Tiger Reserve- 1 which are protecting wildlife. The price of the dog is more than 80 thousand rupees. It specializes in Sniffing, Vehicle Searching, running and tracking.
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Oman Lycaon Offline
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#39

@Sanju 

I just wish india didn't leave asiatic cheetah behind like this by wanting to introduce african cheetahs ....
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Sanju Offline
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( This post was last modified: 02-28-2019, 02:55 PM by Sanju )

(02-28-2019, 12:46 PM)Lycaon Wrote: I just wish india didn't leave asiatic cheetah behind like this by wanting to introduce african cheetahs ....

Sadly, we lost the chance to conserve them from our hands, decades back (You know why we lost the chance, it is again because of Gujarat who pushed both Asian cheetah and lion to edge for themselves by denying or refusing to exchange with Iran). Their survival is slim in coming couple of years and it is now complete responsibility of Iranian government to look after them.

It is time to Conserve and Protect Cheetah as a "SPECIES" (if we don't, we might also lose jubatus jubatus like venaticus coz jubatus is endangered too and facing extinction in coming years like other animals) as Asian cheetah will be no more. Apart from that, Indian forests and Grasslands desperately need cheetah's return to restore balance. The current jubatus subspecies (Namib) is the basal subspecies and ancestor to all modern subspecies in Eurasia. Hence, we need and going to 're'introduce our Cheetah back to its homeland.

And yes, we left Asian Cheetah behind. There's nothing more we can do with Gujarat govt attitude even with neighboring states. Hope Iran do a lot better than now.
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Sanju Offline
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( This post was last modified: 03-01-2019, 09:48 PM by Sanju )

Wild animals Populations rising in Nauradehi, Leopards and Prey ungulate numbers are increasing along with vegetation Cover in the Sanctuary

*This image is copyright of its original author

Sagar, Madhya Pradesh

In the last five years, the number of wild animals increased by 10 to 20 percent.

Everyone is well aware of the area of continuous deforestation and the number of wild animals, but there is a good news among all this. Out of the three forest chains in the district, the number of wild animals has increased in the last few years in the Nauradehi Sanctuary. According to the information, the number of wild animals has increased from 10 to 20 percent in the last five years, which includes mostly herbivorous wildlife. It is being said that the department's inactivity and human interference will be ended.

There are thousands of wild animals
Department protecting the Nauradehi Sanctuary which was established in the year 1975, now managed increase wildlife numbers to thousands in the sanctuary. The sanctuary area is spread over an area of about 1197 sq. Km, which covers three districts, Sagar, Narsinghpur and Damoh in its borders. Due to high Biodiversity, the place of Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary isvery peculiar. In addition to many big lakes to quench the thirst for animals alongwith the perennial rivers Byarama and Wamaner.

Lot of wildlife is in the sanctuary
In the sanctuary, the tigers, leopards, sheep, jackals, Dhole, hyena, fox, bears, chinkara, deer, Nilgai,  crocodile, sambhar, chital and many other wildlife are found in this area. According to departmental information, the number of leopards have started to grow in the Sanctuary since last one year, whereas the number of chital, deer and chinkara is also increasing steadily.

Suitable for all types of wildlife
Geographically and naturally, the Nauradehi Sanctuary is a suitable place for all types of wildlife besides tigers and leopards. This is the reason that about 37 villages residing in the sanctuary are being displaced.

So far, 10 villages have been completely displaced from here. This is the reason that the number of wild animals is increasing in the sanctuary due to low human interference in forests. It can be estimated from the point that when the number of wildlife has increased due to the absence of 10 villages, what will be the situation after the displacement of 37 villages. Hence, Cheetah is being shifted to this sanctuary.

These are the arrangements
- Night Vision cameras are installed in the sanctuary.
- Monitoring is being done from the drone cams.
- After the arrival of the tigers teams are constantly active.
- Grasslands have been developed for Cheetah alongside Dhole and Chinkara.

We are trying to become even better
The department is active and vigilant to safeguarding forests and wild animals. The number of wild animals is increasing steadily due to decreasing human interference in Nauradehi. The vacant villages have been transformed into the grasslands, giving wildlife like Cheetah a secure environment. We are trying to make it better.
Dr. Ankur Awadhiya, DFO Nairadehi
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Sanju Offline
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( This post was last modified: 03-02-2019, 06:14 PM by Sanju )

If Compensation is given adequately, then the people of 30 villages themselves voluntarily are demanding displacement outside Nauradehi
Lol Good People... Nation should learn from MP.

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Sagar, Madhya Pradesh

12 villages fully displaced already, more than 400 crores are received to the Forest department's account for further action and displacement of remaining Villages!!!!

Displacement has always been intensely coercive, intimidating, forceful and Chaos but now it has resulted in quite opposite to usual by the efficient functioning of forest department officials in the Nauradehi Sanctuary because people have started demanding displacement themselves for better livelihood outside the forest environment.

This change has come after the process of displacement has been simplified and the amount of compensation paid by the government as per the demand is satisfied.

This is the reason that in the last four-five months, about 30 villages in the sanctuary have applied for displacement by forest department after certifying the proposal in Village Panchayats.

In this, the people in the resident have given information and details of them to the department, now the process of displacement can be started by examining the eligibility criteria. Department officials say that those settled in the forests want to be displaced or relocated outside because they can easily get the benefit of the schemes of government and they can also be involved in Development and Education.

People of Village
The Forest Department will open two bank accounts of each person of these villages which was administered by the government which will have single savings account and will be joint with a savings account collector.

While preparing for the displacement, the amount of one lakh rupees will be credited to the account of the person, whereas an EC FD of Rs 3 lakh will be made, which will earn every month and it will be for three years. The remaining six lakhs will be in joint account with the collector, as soon as the person purchases the house or land after the displacement, the entire amount will be put in his single savings account.

Revenue for Village
Here the department has given two options. In which, if proposal of Rs. 10 lakh per unit is made by the Panchayat, then only once the full amount will be added to the person's account. Here every adult is considered a unit, but if a 21-year-old man is married then he and his wife will be considered as a unit.

In the second option, if a person evaluates his land, house, other assistant, then it will be determined by the collector and given the amount according to the valuation of the price.

District Administration has Rs. 433 crores
As per the information received from the department, so far the amount to be displaced from the 72 villages in the sanctuary has been reached in the District Collector's account. This amount has come in installments, it is being said that at present, the collector's account is about Rs. 433 crores.

So far, 12 villages have been completely displaced in the process of displacement, whereas the displacement amount has reached bank accounts of two more villages People.

Applications have been received from 30 villages
Earlier it was involved for extraction of the compensation money deposited in the displacement, people had to get the permission of the forest department to withdraw their own money  but  now what has been changed is this reason that now people are applying for self displacement by filling applications voluntarily, so applications have been received from all 30 villages.
Dr. Ankur Awadhiya, DFO, Nauradehi
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Oman Lycaon Offline
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#43

@Sanju 

This place looks like a great place for asiatic lion reintroduction site !
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Sanju Offline
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Smile  ( This post was last modified: 04-19-2019, 11:42 AM by Sanju )

(03-02-2019, 06:11 PM)Lycaon Wrote: This place looks like a great place for asiatic lion reintroduction site !

But may be slightly outside their "CONFIRMED" historic range map but if you consider unconfirmed then the whole subcontinent comes under Asiatic Lion Range map to reintroduce. May be that's why experts panel didn't select Nauradehi and other than that SO CALLED TIGER- LION FIGHT BY CRITICS (gujarat) can also be the reason. They not even leaving Kuno for Lion tiger fight fantasy.

Indian Lion range map based on Fossil evidences:

*This image is copyright of its original author

Estimated Indian Lion Historic range map based on history by Experts:
Old range map with ? marks in Europe which led to research resulted in releasing updated map (see below).

*This image is copyright of its original author

Modern lions are thought to have originated around 124,000 years ago in eastern and southern Africa.

They then spread throughout most of Africa and from there into southeastern Europe, the Middle East, the South Caucasus, southern Russia, southern Afghanistan and the Indian sub-continent. 

There is some inconclusive historical evidence to suggest that they may also have inhabited other parts of Europe, including modern-day Portugal, Spain, southern France, southern Germany, Italy, and the Balkans.

Although lions have long since disappeared from Europe, according to reports by Ancient Greek writers such as Herodotus and Aristotle, they were common in Greece around 480 BCE.

They became endangered around 300 BCE, and finally became extinct in Greece around 100 BCE. Lions feature heavily in Ancient Greek mythology and writings.

In the Middle East increased use of firearms in the nineteenth century led to the extinction of lions over most of the region. Lions survived in parts of Mesopotamia and Syria until the middle of the 19th century.

By the late 19th century, they had been eradicated in Turkey. They survived much longer in Persia, where the last pride of five was hunted as recently as 1963.

By the late 19th century lions had disappeared from most of India, largely due to hunting.

Only Ghats (Western) are exception coz they are "continuous" moist tropical evergreen rain forests unlike Eastern Ghats.

*This image is copyright of its original author

The Total "Lion" map includes "Sri Lanka island" too in the subcontinent (it inc. Pleistocene leo subspecies and other lion species). Read Srilankan Lion thread for further details about one of the identified Pleistocene leo subspecies primitive to modern leo subspecies.

*This image is copyright of its original author

Range of lions since the Pleistocene. Image by Ross Barnett

*This image is copyright of its original author

Mitogenomics of the Extinct Cave Lion, Panthera spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810), Resolve its Position within the Panthera Cats

http://dnevniki.ykt.ru/shadowcat/712660


*This image is copyright of its original author

Phylogeography of lions (Panthera leo ssp.) reveals three distinct taxa and a late Pleistocene reduction in genetic diversity, Pleistocene lion distribution and sample origin. Colours correspond to commonly cited population subdivisions (e.g. Baryshnikov & Boeskorov 2001). Numbers refer to particular samples used in this analysis


@Lycaon @Rishi 

Updated Modern Lion Range Distribution map included the Iberian and Italian peninsulas for European Lion - Panthera leo europea (or leo), a radiation of Asiatic lion - Panthera leo persica (or leo).

Asiatic Lion range distribution in India included South India based on recent research.

Both Asiatic and European are known geographically as Eurasian Lion colloquially. Together with North African Lion it is called Northern Lion (Panthera leo leo).


*This image is copyright of its original author


http://www.wildheartwildlifefoundation.o...-a-country
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lion_range.jpg
https://pictures-of-cats.org/cat-history...-historic6
http://www.glogster.com/hannatwo/glog-li...315jgj3va0

*This image is copyright of its original author


1. Historical lion ranges included most African countries and from Greece through eastern Europe, the Middle East and India.

2. The lion has since been extirpated from all of Europe, the Middle East and north Africa and now occurs only in the Gir Forests of India and in some countries of sub-Saharan Africa.

https://magazine.africageographic.com/we...ican-lion/
https://magazine.africageographic.com/we...ution-map/
https://www.topsimages.com/images/lion-range-db.html

*This image is copyright of its original author


https://www.picsbud.com/images/lion-map-fc.html
https://www.engrosfabrikken.com/product_...20map&p=16
https://www.picsbud.com/images/lion-maps-09.html
Quote:Millions of lions roamed across the old world. Europe, Africa, and Asia all had their fair share of lions. Nowadays there is a much smaller amount of lions, ...



*This image is copyright of its original author

http://www.forgeted.site/african-lion-range/

In Eastern Europe, the lion inhabited part of the Balkan peninsula up to Hungary and Ukraine during the Neolithic period. It survived in Bulgaria until the 4th or 3rd century BC, and in mainland Greece until about 100 AD.

Birds and Beasts of Greek Anthology
Alden, M. (2005). "Lions in paradise: Lion Similes in the Iliad and the Lion Cubs of IL"
Masseti, M.; Mazza, P.P.A. (2013). "Western European Quaternary lions: new working hypotheses
Guggisberg, C. A. W. (1975). "Lion Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758)". Wild Cats of the World.

It became extinct in the Peloponnese around 1,000 BC.

Schnitzler, A.E. (2011). "Past and present distribution of the North African-Asian lion subgroup: a review"
Bartosiewicz, L. (2009). "A Lion's share of attention: Archaeozoology and the historical record"

It disappeared from Macedonia around the first century AD, and in Thessaly in the 4th century AD. Possibly it survived longer farther south. In the 4th century AD, Themistius regrets that in his time the lion disappeared in Thessaly and no more lions could be furnished for beast-shows.

Bartosiewicz, L. (2008). "A Lion's Share of Attention: Archaeozoology and the historical record"
Cohen, A. (2010). Art in the era of Alexander the Great: Paradigms of manhood and their cultural traditions
Uhm, D.P. van (2016). The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Inside the World of Poachers, Smugglers and Traders

In Transcaucasia, the lion was present until the 10th century. The peak of its historic range covered all of the plains and foothills of eastern Transcaucasia westward almost to Tbilisi. Northwards, its range extended through the eastern Caucasus, from the Apsheron Peninsula to the mouth of the Samur River near the current Azerbaijan-Russia border, extending to the Araks river. From there, the boundary of its range narrowly turned east to Yerevan, with its northern boundary then extending westward to Turkey.

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Sanju Offline
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( This post was last modified: 03-05-2019, 03:15 PM by Sanju )

8 New villages got Displacement money in 38 villages linked in Relocation process

  • 12 Villages already displaced last year,
  • Displacement money reached on account of 8 new villages. So Now, total of 20 villages (8 now+ 12 last year) got the money to be displaced out of the Sanctuary,
  • Process is started in balance 18 villages too!!!
76 villages going to be displaced from the Nauradehi Sanctuary, of which 38 are "mainly" related to the displacement process. - The budget for the displacement of the village is 1600 crores of budget was allotted, this spending can increase over time!!!

Total 76 villages in the 1197 square kilometer area of the sanctuary are to be displaced out. Process began almost 8 years ago But, till December 2018 only 12 villages were displaced. Out of 76, 30 Villages are demanding relocation themselves by enrolling in applications.


The Central Government had allocated a budget of 1600 crores to spend on displaced people till March.

To speed up expenditure, the work of displacement paced up. In the last two months, the displacement of 8 villages has been made through the district collector by sending money to the accounts of people living in these 8 villages.

While 18 new villages have joined the displacement process. Of the 76 sanctuary, 38 villages have been linked to be displaced outside the reserve. Out of these 38, 12 villages are already  displaced out. 8 villages are being displaced and 18 villages are being surveyed for displacement and displacement started.

All 38 will be displaced out of Nauradehi till the end of this March.

1600 crores allotted but the expenditure may increase
Central government's Ministry of Forest and Environment had allocated a budget of 1600 crores for the displacement of the village in the month of December last year to the Nauradehi Sanctuary. To accelerate the displacement work, it was to use the maximum amount of money in this budget till March.

There was a budget to spend 533 crores on displacement every month till March. The Forest Department has displaced 8 villages in the last two months using this budget and the process of displacement of 18 villages is going on with this money. Forest officials claim that this money is being used more and the central government can also increase the time limit for spending this budget.


Encroaches of the forest in the last 5 years, will also be out
The Supreme Court has recently decided that in the last 5 years, a person who has settled in forests temporarily, should also be taken out of the forest reserves. Under the Forest Rights Act, 2006, tribes that are living in forests for the last three generations or for more than 75 years and are working for conservation and promotion of forests.

Under this act, there is a provision for leasing them, but under the guise of this act some other people started settling in the forests and applied for leases and land ownership documents. While hearing, the Supreme Court has ordered such people to be immediately expelled from the forest boundary. Because these people will not conserve and promote forests, but deforest by cutting trees by showing land ownership and leased documents and will start cultivation and crop harvesting Angry .
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These village had been displaced:-

Rampura, Bijini, Bardapani, Chhoti Pappala, Bada Pappala, Bhadra, Kusvari, Nauradehi, Tara, Tindani, Lagra and Kusami.
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Efforts will be to increase the budget
The villages outside of the border of the Naurdehi Sanctuary. The displacement process has started in more and more villages. I don't think the rest of villages don't object to get displaced outside the reserve. A budget of 1600 crores to spend on the displaced people till March was received from the center. Efforts are being made to increase its time limit. Expectation is also that we can  increase the amount of money spent.

- Dr. Ankur Awadhiya, DFO, Nauridehi Sanctuary
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