Hillocks, hills, volcanoes and mountains

[BorneanTiger]

Now for the mountains of the Arabian Peninsula, which are shown in this map that I posted in the thread for the Arabian leopard, to an extent: https://wildfact.com/forum/topic-arabian...7#pid81977

(05-20-2019, 10:52 PM)BorneanTiger Wrote: I came across this: https://www.earthtouchnews.com/conservat...in-danger/

The Arabian Leopards of Oman by Andrew Spalton and Hadi Al-Hikmani, illustrated by Vicky White. 

*This image is copyright of its original author

Geologically, the peninsula is perhaps more appropriately called the "Arabian subcontinent", because it lies on a tectonic plate of its own, that is the Arabian Plate, which has been moving incrementally away from the rest of Africa (forming the Red Sea) and north, toward Asia, into the Eurasian Plate (forming the Zagros Mountains of Southwest Asia, particularly Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey). The rocks exposed vary systematically across Arabia, with the oldest rocks exposed in the Arabian-Nubian Shield near the Red Sea, overlain by earlier sediments that become younger towards the Persian Gulf. Perhaps the best-preserved ophiolite on Earth, the Semail Ophiolite, lies exposed in the Hajar Mountains of the UAE and northern Oman. The peninsula consists of:

A) A central plateau, the Najd, with fertile valleys and pastures used for the grazing of sheep and other livestock

B) A range of deserts: the Nafud in the north, which is stony; Ar-Rub' al-Khali (literally "the Empty Quarter") or the Great Arabian Desert in the south, with sand estimated to extend 600 ft (182.88 m) below the surface; between them, Ad-Dahna' Desert: http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/15/

C) Stretches of dry or marshy coastland with coral reefs on the Red Sea's side (the Tihamah)

D) Oases and marshy coast-land in Eastern Arabia on the side of the Arabian Gulf, the most important of which are those of Al-Ain (in the UAE, on the border with Oman) and Al-Hasah (in Saudi Arabia), according to Marshall Cavendish: https://books.google.com/books?id=j894mi...#v=onepage

E) And of course, mountains at the eastern, southern and northwestern borders of the peninsula. Broadly, the ranges can be grouped as follows: https://books.google.com/books?id=tjXRfqBv_0UC&dq, https://books.google.com/books?id=eQvhZaEVzjcC&pg, https://books.google.com/books?id=j894mi...#v=onepage

1) Northeast: The Hajar range, shared by the UAE and northern Oman: https://books.google.com/books?id=j894mi...ns&f=false

The Hajar Mountains, as seen from the Emirate of Sharjah, by JSPhotography2016 (7th of December, 2013):
   

2) Southeast: The Dhofar Mountains of southern Oman, contiguous with the Hadhramaut Mountains of eastern Yemen: https://books.google.com/books?id=AH8YAQ...+mountains, https://books.google.com/books?id=uc_tCA...#v=onepage

The Dhofar Mountains near Salalah, Oman, during the season of al-Khareef (the Monsoon), by Mary Paulose (2006):
   

The seafront of Al-Mukalla, Yemen, at sunset, with Ar-Rawdah Mosque in the right-hand side, and the Hadhramaut Mountains in the background, by Ion Tichy (30th of October, 1992):
   

3) West: Bordering the Tihamah  (eastern coast of the Red Sea) are the Sarat Mountains (or Sarawat), which can be seen to include the Haraz Mountains of eastern Yemen, and the 'Asir and Hijaz Mountains of western Saudi Arabia, with the latter including the Midian (or Madyan) Mountains in northwestern Saudi Arabia: https://books.google.com/books?redir_esc...az&f=false, https://books.google.com/books?id=tjXRfq...at&f=false, https://books.google.com/books?id=KmxPAQ...+mountains, https://books.google.com/books?id=XWwCHW...#v=onepage, https://books.google.com/books?id=4RvQAg...+mountains, https://books.google.com/books?id=AH8YAQ...edir_esc=y

Agricultural terraces near At-Tawilah ("The Table"?), in the Haraz Mountains of Yemen, by Bernard Gagnon (7th of August, 1986):
   

Jabal As-Sawdah (thought to be the highest mountain of Saudi Arabia, but not confirmed) of the 'Asir Mountains near the border with Yemen, about 28 km (17.4 miles) from Abha, by Muhammad Sobri (12th of July, 2017):
   

The Hijaz Mountains near the Islamic holy city of Makkah (Mecca), by Muhammed Enes Okullu (18th of August, 2011):
   

The Midian Mountains near 'Alqan, Tabuk Province, near the border, by 'Adel Al-'Omrani (3rd of January, 2013):
   

4) Northwest: Aside from the Sarawat, the northern portion of Saudi Arabia hosts the Shammar Mountains, which include the Aja and Salma Mountains: https://books.google.com/books?id=j894mi...ns&f=false

The Aja Mountains near Jaw, Ha'il Province, by C. V. Hail (21st of July, 2007):
   

5) Central: The Najd hosts the Tuwaiq Escarpment or Tuwair range: https://books.google.com/books?id=j894mi...ns&f=false

People picnicking at the base of the Tuwaiq Escarpment, near the Korean Slope, south-west of Riyadh in the central region of Najd, by Baptiste Marcel (24th of November, 2006):
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