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Bear and bigcats anatomy

parvez Offline
Tiger enthusiast
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Nervous system of grizzly bear,

Grizzly bears have a central nervous system with nerves and a spinal cord.
Parts of the brain:

(1) cerebral cortex
(2) thalamus
(3) midbrain
(4) pons and medulla 
(5) cerebellum
               
The structures referred to above as well as the hypothalamus and pituitary gland control the bear’s actions. These include avoidance, aggression, learning and memory, hibernative, and reproductive behaviors.
Source: http://daskellah.weebly.com/respiration-...stems.html

Grizzlies bears have a brain that is only about the size of a human's thumb and only weigh 450g compared to a human's brain which weigh about 1,500g but their brain's are very powerful despite their small brains. Grizzlies have an olfactory map in their brain that helps them go places based on the smells of everything around them unlike humans who get around places by seeing things. This means that a Grizzlies percentage their brain is devoted to scent 5 times greater than the percentage that is devoted to smell in human brains. To put in perspective how good a grizzlie's sense of smell is, a normal dog can smell 100 times greater than a human, a hound dog can smell 300 times better than a normal dog and a Grizzly Bear can smell 7 times better than even a hound dog and can smell things from huge distances away.
Source: https://sites.google.com/site/httpsgrizz...me/systems

I did not find much information on brain of grizzly bears. Can anyone help me in this?
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parvez Offline
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@brotherbear, I accept it was just my assumption that bears have weaker heart in relation to other body parts. Assumptions are assumptions. They may go wrong many times. Only a few times they are right. Personal theories are different from science. They are seldom right.
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India sanjay Offline
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Please, keep clam, Post facts base on facts and sources. Avoid trolling other.
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Argentina Tshokwane Offline
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Let me tell you what I'm seeing here @parvez 

You act all surprised when Brotherbear gets angry, when it was you who provoked it initially, with silly assumptions that you ended up conceding that were wrong. The, instead of toning it down for good, you continue with the "well answer me this, mr. bear expert" mocking crap.

Why? What for? 

Let me tell you, I'm surprised and somewhat dissapointed, because in the tiger threads you are always respectful, so I don't understand it.

This is what we're going to do. Instead of going back to the "you misunderstand me" trap you used before and that no one believes, you're going to just quit it and let it go.

Post information about anatomy and keep your personal opinions out of it, not because there's something inherently wrong with it, but because when you give your opinions on something, you're going to get challenged by those who know more about it, and we've seen you can't back most of those opinions/assumptions.
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parvez Offline
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No majingilane he is replying with utter disrespect not with good attitude. He is not understanding my thoughts completely but is charging at me regularly without understanding the core of my logics. Not that I am sadistic towards bears. Even for the stronger skeleton part I have reason. But his man will charge at us at assumptions against bear. That's why I didn't post. I can easily defend myself but this guy is seeking out some kind of vengeance. This is what I can say. Better you ask him. My last post was the peace one. I wont be posting any assumptions on bear because this man is not sportive or honest. Nor does he likes to know completely about anything.
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United States Polar Offline
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(12-06-2016, 06:46 PM)parvez Wrote: You actually mistook me, I just asked a doubt. Not to degrade bears here. 
Anyways back to the topic,
Nervous system of tigers:

Tigers have the same nervous system as most mammals. The nervous system contains a brain, spinal cord and vertebrae. The vertebrae protects the spinal cord and is very important to the tiger's everyday life. 

Following is the description of the nervous system of a Tiger (and all mammals) which comprises of:
• The central nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord.
• The peripheral nervous system consisting of the cranial nerves from the brain, the spinal nerves from the spinal cord and the sense organs.

The sense organs are the structures which receive stimuli, so they are called receptors. They keep the central nervous system informed of any change in the surroundings by initiating nervous messages called impulses which are then transmitted to the central nervous system. A nervous impulse, like an electric current, travels at great speed. It is transmitted within a fraction of a second. For instance, when a person touched your hand from behind, you feel it almost immediately. 

If any action is to be taken in response to the stimulus the central nervous system will send impulses to the muscles. The muscles will then carry out the required effect e.g. the muscles in the arm may contract and the hand is jerked away. Therefore, muscles are known as effectors. The structures which transmit impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system from the latter to the effectors are the nerves. 

Source:https://sites.google.com/site/tigerszucs/classroom-news

They have special sense of hearing. They can differentiate between rustling of leaves or a tiger moving through a grass. 
Source; http://jasmanzoology.weebly.com/nervous-system.html

Tigers have more volume of brain than the other big cats.
Source:
http://inventorspot.com/articles/tiger_brain_size_challenges_scientific_assumptions_about_social__32484

They have a nervous system with complex brain, which has an extremely complex cerebrum. 
Source; https://staff-brookings.k12.sd.us/reidel...tigers.htm

"Tigers have the same nervous system as most animals." Enough said, but they have better neuro-muscular connections and twitch responses (faster reflexes), yet so do bears. Bears compete with big cats in terms of reflexes as well.
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United States Polar Offline
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@parvez,

I can answer each and every single one of your questions about bears in general (not specifically brown bears, but polar bears), either instantaneously or given plenty amount of time. But let's take this opportunity to use the PM system instead of bombarding the thread with your unproven, yet plentiful opinions.
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Argentina Tshokwane Offline
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(12-06-2016, 09:16 PM)parvez Wrote: No majingilane he is replying with utter disrespect not with good attitude.

The good attitude vanished when you continued talking like that. Don't play the victim.

Quote:But his man will charge at us at assumptions against bear. That's why I didn't post. I can easily defend myself but this guy is seeking out some kind of vengeance. This is what I can say. Better you ask him. My last post was the peace one. I wont be posting any assumptions on bear because this man is not sportive or honest. Nor does he likes to know completely about anything. 

You already posted your assumptions, plenty of them.

I will say it again. Don't play the victim, because you started it initially, not him.

Enough of it now, please.
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United States Pckts Offline
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(12-06-2016, 09:20 PM)Polar Wrote:
(12-06-2016, 06:46 PM)parvez Wrote: You actually mistook me, I just asked a doubt. Not to degrade bears here. 
Anyways back to the topic,
Nervous system of tigers:

Tigers have the same nervous system as most mammals. The nervous system contains a brain, spinal cord and vertebrae. The vertebrae protects the spinal cord and is very important to the tiger's everyday life. 

Following is the description of the nervous system of a Tiger (and all mammals) which comprises of:
• The central nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord.
• The peripheral nervous system consisting of the cranial nerves from the brain, the spinal nerves from the spinal cord and the sense organs.

The sense organs are the structures which receive stimuli, so they are called receptors. They keep the central nervous system informed of any change in the surroundings by initiating nervous messages called impulses which are then transmitted to the central nervous system. A nervous impulse, like an electric current, travels at great speed. It is transmitted within a fraction of a second. For instance, when a person touched your hand from behind, you feel it almost immediately. 

If any action is to be taken in response to the stimulus the central nervous system will send impulses to the muscles. The muscles will then carry out the required effect e.g. the muscles in the arm may contract and the hand is jerked away. Therefore, muscles are known as effectors. The structures which transmit impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system from the latter to the effectors are the nerves. 

Source:https://sites.google.com/site/tigerszucs/classroom-news

They have special sense of hearing. They can differentiate between rustling of leaves or a tiger moving through a grass. 
Source; http://jasmanzoology.weebly.com/nervous-system.html

Tigers have more volume of brain than the other big cats.
Source:
http://inventorspot.com/articles/tiger_brain_size_challenges_scientific_assumptions_about_social__32484

They have a nervous system with complex brain, which has an extremely complex cerebrum. 
Source; https://staff-brookings.k12.sd.us/reidel...tigers.htm

"Tigers have the same nervous system as most animals." Enough said, but they have better neuro-muscular connections and twitch responses (faster reflexes), yet so do bears. Bears compete with big cats in terms of reflexes as well.
Their reflexes are probably comparable but that doesn't mean one won't react faster than the other nor does it mean that one is more or less agile than the other.
The simple act of jumping requires type 2b (fast twitch) muscle fibers and since the big cat is a better jumper than the bear does that mean it has more?
Probably not, it's just how they are built.

Type 2b muscle fibers are about for explosive movements, your fibers fire anaerobically (without oxygen). so if we are talking about
being able to get from your back to your all 4's, stalking in a crouching position then sprinting, jumping from greater heights or climbing than one would think that the cat would have more of the Type 2b fibers.
But that may not be the case, body morphology doesn't allow the bear to accomplish certain physical exertions as easily as the cat but we have to take into account the way the bear is built. A heavy and compact animal, flat footed and heavier bones isn't as friendly towards agility as it is towards blunt force.
But that doesn't mean that the bear doesn't have as fast of a reaction time. I'm sure if you had both the animals line up for a sprint and shot a gun off, the two contestants would react at the same time.

I'll I'm saying is that muscle distribution is one aspect of determining speed, agility and strength. But there are many more factors than just type 1 and type 2 muscle distribution. Even with in human beings, the type 1 or 2b or 2a distribution can be different, I'm sure the same is true with wild animals. Some animals may just be better at certain aspects than others of the same species.

Sorry to go off on a bit of a tangent.
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United States Polar Offline
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@Pckts,

Both IIa/x and IIb fibers are both fast-twitch fibers, not just IIb. But everything else is correct.
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United States Pckts Offline
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(12-06-2016, 11:19 PM)Polar Wrote: @Pckts,

Both IIa/x and IIb fibers are both fast-twitch fibers, not just IIb. But everything else is correct.

Type IIa is a mix of Type I and IIB, they are equal parts aerobic and anaerobic, while technically Fast Twitch Fibers, they are an intermediate fiber between the two.
They are used more in sustained power activities such as velocity and are more resistant to fatigue such as Type IIb


Type IIa Fibers

"These fast twitch muscle fibers are also known as intermediate fast-twitch fibers. They can use both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism almost equally to create energy. In this way, they are a combination of Type I and Type II muscle fibers."
https://www.verywell.com/fast-and-slow-t...rs-3120094
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United States Polar Offline
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( This post was last modified: 12-07-2016, 12:47 AM by Polar )

(12-07-2016, 12:24 AM)Pckts Wrote:
(12-06-2016, 11:19 PM)Polar Wrote: @Pckts,

Both IIa/x and IIb fibers are both fast-twitch fibers, not just IIb. But everything else is correct.

Type IIa is a mix of Type I and IIB, they are equal parts aerobic and anaerobic, while technically Fast Twitch Fibers, they are an intermediate fiber between the two.
They are used more in sustained power activities such as velocity and are more resistant to fatigue such as Type IIb


Type IIa Fibers

"These fast twitch muscle fibers are also known as intermediate fast-twitch fibers. They can use both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism almost equally to create energy. In this way, they are a combination of Type I and Type II muscle fibers."
https://www.verywell.com/fast-and-slow-t...rs-3120094

That doesn't mean that IIa fibers are physically a mix between I and IIb fibers, it only means that IIa fibers have the ability to function with less explosive power than IIb fibers and less endurance than Ia fibers at the same time. It is sort of a trade-off. At the surface, the visible difference (even with a microscope) between IIa and IIb fibers is only due to size and not color: both are colored near-white, yet IIb fibers are slightly larger at the same weight than IIa fibers.

Another type of slow-twitch fiber that the article didn't mention is the Ib fiber type, the one for constant, steady, and linearly growing muscular force instead of the exponentional-like force-producing functions like fast-twich fibers.
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United States Pckts Offline
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There are only 3 types of muscle fibers to my knowledge

  1. Type I fibers
  2. Type IIa fibers
  3. Type IIb fibers

*This image is copyright of its original author

Type I
Type I fibers are also known as slow twitch fibers. They are red in colour due to the presence of large volumes of myoglobin and so oxygen and high numbers of Mitochondria. Due to this fact they are very resistant to fatigue and are capable of producing repeated low-level contractions by producing large amounts of ATP through an aerobic metabolic cycle.
For this reason the muscles containing mainly type I fibers are often postural muscles such as those in the neck and spine due to their endurance capabilities Also, athletes such as marathon runners have a high number of this type of fiber, partly through genetics, partly through training.
Type IIa
Type IIa fibers are also sometimes known as fast oxidative fibres and are a hybrid of type I and II fibers. These fibers contain a large number of mitochondria and Myoglobin, hence their red colour. They manufacture and split ATP at a fast rate by utilising both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and so produce fast, strong muscle contractions, although they are more prone to fatigue than type I fibers. Resistance training can turn type IIb fibers into type IIa due to an increase in the ability to utilise the oxidative cycle.
Type IIb
Often known as fast glycolytic fibers they are white in colour due to a low level of myoglobin and also contain few mitochondria. They produce ATP at a slow rate by anaerobic metabolism and break it down very quicky. This results in short, fast bursts of power and rapid fatigue. As mentioned above, this type of fiber can be turned into type IIa fibers by resistance training. This is a positive change due to the increased fatigue resistance of type IIa fibers. These fibers are found in large quantities in the muscles of the arms.

http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/fibre_types.php
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parvez Offline
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Majingilane he is not my victim. I was his victim since a few days. Now may be just for a day the case may be the opposite. I can prove he indirectly made some personal attacks before this thing started. He started it is what I can say.
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India brotherbear Offline
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( This post was last modified: 12-07-2016, 06:17 PM by brotherbear )

(12-07-2016, 09:57 AM)parvez Wrote: Majingilane he is not my victim. I was his victim since a few days. Now may be just for a day the case may be the opposite. I can prove he indirectly made some personal attacks before this thing started. He started it is what I can say.

Parvez, not once has polar or myself posted any words which in any way show a disrespect for the big cats, as you have repeatedly for bears. This conversation ( about the problem ) has ended. I have decided to simply forget and move forward with information and hard facts from reliable sources.
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