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  Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx)
Posted by: epaiva - 08-05-2017, 09:08 AM - Forum: Carnivorous and Omnivores Animals, Excluding Felids - Replies (4)

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The mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) is a primate of the Old World monkey (Cercopithecidae) family. It is one of two species assigned to the genus Mandrillus, along with the drill. Both the mandrill and the drill were once classified as baboons in the genus Papio, but they now have their own genus, Mandrillus. Although they look superficially like baboons, they are more closely related to Cerocebus mangabeys. Mandrills are found in southern Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and Congo. Mandrills mostly live in tropical rainforests. They live in very large groups. Mandrills have an omnivorous diet consisting mostly of fruits and insects. Their mating season peaks in July to September, with a corresponding birth peak in December to April. The mandrill is one of the most sexually dimorphic mammals due to extremely strong sexual selection which favors males in both size and coloration. Males typically weigh 19–37 kg (42–82 lb), with an average mass of 32.3 kg (71 lb). Females weigh roughly half as much as the male, at 10–15 kg (22–33 lb) and an average of 12.4 kg (27 lb). Exceptionally large males can weigh up to 54 kg (119 lb), The mandrill is the heaviest living monkey, somewhat surpassing even the largest baboons such as chacma baboon and olive baboons in average weight even considering its more extreme sexual dimorphism, but the mandrill averages both shorter in the length and height at the shoulder than these species. The average male is 75–95 cm (30–37 in) long and the female is 55–66 cm (22–26 in), with the short tail adding another 5–10 cm (2–4 in). The shoulder height while on all fours can range from 45–50 cm (18–20 in) in females and 55–65 cm (22–26 in) in males. Compared to the largest baboons, the mandrill is more ape-like in structure, with a muscular and compact build, shorter, thicker limbs that are longer in the front and almost no tail, they have huge upper canine teeth which can be up to 6.35 cm (2.50 in) Mandrills can live up to 31 years in captivity. Females reach sexual maturity at about 3.5 years. Photo credits Piutiekay, Claudia Potswa and Nilesh Mukherjee.
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  The Irish elk (Megaloceros giganteus)
Posted by: epaiva - 08-03-2017, 08:12 PM - Forum: Prehistoric animals - Replies (7)

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Giant deer or Irish giant deer, is an extinct species of deer in the genus Megaloceros and is one of the largest deer that ever lived. Its range extended across Eurasia during the Pleistocene, from Ireland to Siberia to China. A related form is recorded in China during the Late Pleistocene.The most recent remains of the species have been carbon dated to about 7,700 years ago in Siberia. Although most skeletons have been found in bogs in Ireland, the animal was not exclusive to Ireland.
The Irish giant deer stood about 2.1 metres (6.9 ft) tall at the shoulders carrying the largest antlers of any known cervid (a maximum of 3.65 m (12.0 ft) from tip to tip and weighing up to 40 kg (88 lb)). In body size, the Irish Elk tied in size with the extant moose subspecies of Alaska (Alces alces gigas). The Irish elk is estimated to have attained a total mass of 540–600 kg (1,190–1,323 lb), with large specimens having weighed 700 kg (1,543 lb) or more, roughly similar to the Alaskan Moose. Credits American Museum of natural History.
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  Mixotoxodon larensis
Posted by: epaiva - 08-02-2017, 08:10 PM - Forum: Prehistoric animals - Replies (3)
Highly speculated restoration of Mixotoxodon larensis, Artwork by Jorge Gonzalez.

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Mixotoxodon is known from a single species M. larensis. Mixotoxodon is the only notoungulate known to have migrated out of South America during the Great American Interchange. Its fossils have been found in northern South America, in Central America, in Veracruz and Michoacán, Mexico and eastern Texas, USA.. The genus was also one of the last surviving notoungulates, along with related genera such as the better-known Toxodon. The name refers to the fact that Mixotoxodon combines characteristics typical of different toxodontid subfamilies.
Mixotoxodon is known by fragmentary remains, usually mandible fragments and teeth. Although the general appearance probably was very similar to another toxodontid from the Pleistocene, the better known Toxodon, their fossils shown that the outer borders of the symphysis in the lower jaw don't diverge anteriorly, and the incisors form a semicircular structure that protrude less than the incisors of Toxodon; the snout was cylindrical, instead of the broad hippo-like muzzle of Toxodon. The straight snout and the narrow lower incisors closely packed, suggest that this animal had a different feeding strategy compared to their southern relative, although the teeth of both genera was adapted to deal with abrasive food. It was a rhino-sized animal, with a weight of up to 3.8 tonnes, which make it the largest member of Notoungulata.
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  Personal Opinion & Speculations
Posted by: sanjay - 07-30-2017, 03:28 PM - Forum: Debate and Discussion about Wild Animals - Replies (60)
If lion and tiger share same place what would be their surviving strategies ?

This thread may seems controversial and do not fit according to WildFact rules, but we suggest read below before reaching on any conclusion. Aim of this thread is not to compare Lion and Tiger on Vs fight base on hypothetical assumptions.

What we are trying to do is to know your thoughts in this hypothetical scenario where if Lions and Tigers would have introduced to share same place in today's world with each other? So considering this, there would be 2 possible scenario


1. Tiger living in Africa's plain land along with Cheetah, Leopard, Spotted hyena, Wild dogs and their main competitor Pride of Lions. If we ignore scientific constraint in this assumption then what is your thought on this. Following Questions arises


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a) How do will tiger do against group of lions. Is their any chance of surviving solitary tiger just like leopard? We know that tiger can not run faster than lions, we know they can not climb up tree, we know that the tiger has no chance of surviving against gang of lions if caught alone.

b) If some how they able to survive, what tactics they will adopt?

c) What animal they hunt most out of the available prey in African plains ? Will they compete for same food as the lion ?

d) How they will do against their other competitor like spotted hyena clan?


2. African Lion living in Indian dense forest along with Bengal Tiger or in cold climate of Russia far east with Amur tigers? Along with that they have to face sloth bear, dhole, pack of Indian wolfs in India. In Russia they have other competitor like big brown bear and Pack of wolfs.



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a) A pride of African lion is too much in any place for any land animals. Given that tiger is already there and well equipped with that environment they will probably dominant lions at beginning, but with time when lion start adopting the place, they will mostly dominate the region if they manage to live in pride or in gang.

b) What will be the lions tactics in Indian forest along with tiger, leopard, and sloth bear to compete for the same prey and same area ?

c) What will be their most targeted prey in India ?

Note:
This is not Vs debate, and it is for wild Lion and Tiger only. This produce a good opportunity to test put your knowledge of lion and tiger beyond fighting. Basically you need to explain your thoughts by giving proper reasons.
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  Seal pups bludgeoned to death in Namibia
Posted by: Sully - 07-29-2017, 02:38 AM - Forum: Aquatic Animals and Amphibians - Replies (2)
Absolutely disgusting, hard to watch honestly. How it is legal is honestly beyond me. It takes a lot to get me angry but this really got me riled up. 

http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/...t-10887327
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  Barbourofelis
Posted by: epaiva - 07-29-2017, 12:40 AM - Forum: Prehistoric animals - Replies (11)
Barbourofelis is an extinct genus of large, predatory, feliform carnivoran mammals of the family Barbourofelidae (false saber-tooth cats). The genus was endemic to North America during the Miocene until its extinction during the Pliocene, living from 13.6—5.3 Ma and existing for approximately 8.3 million years. First two pictures belong to Barbourofelis loveorum (Barbourofelis loveorum Baskin 1981) measurements head and body length excluding the tail 1,6 m, height at the shoulders 85 cm and estimated weight of 50 to 100 kg. Pictures 3 and 4 belong to the largest Barbourofelis Barbourofelis fricki (Barbourofelis fricki Schultz & Martin, 1970)
The largest species known as Barbourofelis fricki was living in North America, having reached the size of a modern lion, but was superior in weight, due to its unusually strong physique. It had a very robust constitution and largest individuals of B. fricki are thought to weight up to 300 kg. it had a height of 90 cm and estimated weight of 180 to 300 kg.



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  How long Javan Tiger live in Java?
Posted by: P.T.Sondaica - 07-21-2017, 02:42 PM - Forum: Questions - Replies (6)
I have question how long javan tiger live in java
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  Triceratops
Posted by: epaiva - 07-20-2017, 08:31 PM - Forum: Dinosaurs - Replies (60)

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Triceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur that first appeared during the late Maastrichtian stage of the late Cretaceous period, about 68 million years ago (mya) in what is now North America. Individual Triceratops are estimated to have reached about 7.9 to 9.0 m (25.9–29.5 ft) in length, 2.9 to 3.0 m (9.5 to 9.8 ft) in height, and 6.1–12.0 tonnes (13,000–26,000 lb) in weight. The most distinctive feature is their large skull, among the largest of all land animals. The largest known skull (specimen MWC 7584, formerly BYU 12183) is estimated to have been 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) in length when complete, and could reach almost a third of the length of the entire animal. A specimen of T. horridus named Kelsey measured 7.3 metres (24 ft) long with a 1.98 metres (6.5 ft) skull, stood about 2.3 metres (7.5 ft) tall, and was estimated by the Black Hills institute to weight nearly 6 tonnes (5.9 long tons; 6.6 short tons). A Triceratops 8 metres (26 ft) long has been estimated by Gregory S. Paul to have massed 9.3 tonnes (9.2 long tons; 10.3 short tons). Pictures of Triceratops horridus displayed in American Museum of Natural Hstory in New York City, USA.
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  North Chinese Leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis)
Posted by: Ngala - 07-20-2017, 03:48 AM - Forum: Leopard - Replies (25)
This thread is dedicated to the North-Chinese Leopard. Share photos, videos, data and all information about these leopards.

The North-Chinese Leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) is an endangered leopard subspecies that inhabits the internal lands of the central and north eastern China. 

In 1998 the population was estimated around 1000 individuals; in 2015, is estimated a total population of 174-348 individuals (Laguardia et al., 2015). Unfortunately, the distribution is highly fragmented and few leopard are isolated in nature reserves and in a remote areas. In 1998 the population is estimated about 1000 individuals. This subspecies have lost the 98% of his historical range distribution.

The habitat destruction and fragmentation, the killings due to conflict, a low prey base and poaching for wildlife trade, is the causes of his decline.

China is the nation (the only nation) that hosts the most number of subspecies of leopards: 
  • North Chinese Leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) that is present in the central part of China;
  • Amur Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in north east China, at the border with Russia and North Corea;
  • Indochinese Leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri) in south west, at the border with Laos and Myanmar (south of the Yunnan province and in the Guangdong region);
  • Indian Leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) that inhabits the high altitude regions of south central Tibet and Himalaya, including the forests of the mount Everest.
In the east of the Tibet region (Xizang), there is also present a recently discovered population of leopards, that need a major investigation to clarify the subspecies. Laguardia et al., based on the continuos range distribution and similar habitat consider it Panthera pardus japonensis.

This is a map provided by Laguardia et al., 2015 with the current distribution of leopards in China:

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North Chinese Leopard from Zhouzhi National Reserve, Qinling mountains (Shaanxi province).

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North Chinese Leopard caught with camera trap in Shuishui River Reserve. Credits to Zhou Zhefeng.

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North Chinese Leopard. I found in this chinese site this locality: "Nanjing Xi'an Nature Reserve - Tin Mountain National". Anyone can confirm me? Peter, you know information about this area? @peter 

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North Chinese Leopard caught with camera trap in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve (Shaanxi province).

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  Hippopotamus amphibius
Posted by: epaiva - 07-19-2017, 05:20 AM - Forum: Herbivores Animals - Replies (68)

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The name litelally means river horse from the Greek hippos - horse - and potamus - river . but there is very little that is horse-like about hippos. The common hippo is unmistikable with a barrel-shaped, almost hairless body weghing in at anything up to 3 tonnes aqlthough half that weight would be a more average figure.
Size=
some measurements were make by Dr R. M. Laws of the lengths of hippos shot on control in Uganda during the 1960s. The sample contained 20 of each sex, The average length along the back was 271,75 cm about 8ft 10 in for males and females and both measured up to 302 cm.
Weight=
Where culling has benn carried out and actual weights recordered from dismembered corpses, the results has beeen less spectacular than some of the previous published figures, e.g. Laws (1963), who weighted a large sample in Uganda, found the average weight to 1536 kg for males /max 2065 kg) and 1386 kg for females (max 1716 kg). Ledger (1968) who weighted 4 specimens of each sex, reported similar average weights for East African Hippos 1490 kg for males (range1179-1714 kg) and females 1277 kg (1185-1401). Pinaar et al found similar weights in Kruger Nationalo Park with averages of 1490 for males and 1321 kg for females witha max of 1999 for males and 1674 for females.Information taken from the book The Hippos S K Eltringham.
Credits= santuaryretreats - Cesika - natures_experiende - jakerosmarin - rj_endallphotos
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